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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Socrates Charges |
Corrupting the youth worshiping the wrong gods |
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Actus Reus |
Physical act |
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Mens Rea |
State of mind that accompanies the act |
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Socrates central point about morality |
1. its important to be able to justify choices and actions 2. the demands of morality always override the demand of self-interest 3. Demands of morality are always exactly equivalent to the demands of religion 4. the demands of morality always override the demands of the law 5. moral integrity is essential to human well being the worst harm you can suffer is to lose your moral integrity |
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absolutism |
simple moral rules hold without exception
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contextualism |
your true moral obligations vary depending on the circumstances |
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cultural Relativism |
as a matter of descriptive fact, the moral standard people actually accept vary widely from one society to another |
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objectivism/moral realism |
there is an objective truth of the matter about morality, to be discovered |
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Moral relativism |
objectivism is false, there are no moral demands that apply to all moral agents |
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Moral Nihilism / moral Antirealism |
No moral truth no moral knowledge morality is something we invent or project |
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Founders of Utilitarianism |
Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill |
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Jeremy Bentham Utilitarianism psychological egoism |
Motiviation - every action you make is motivated a desire to max your own pleasure or minimize your own pain |
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Principle of Utility Jeremy Bentham |
Always choose the course of action that will max sum total of pleasure in the community in the long run |
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John Stuart Mill Utilitarianism |
not a psycho egoist 1. believes that we are sometimes motivated to act for the sake of others 2. believes that pleasures and pains differ not only in quantity but also in quality 3. sanction - the conscience
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"the concept of individual rights is nonsense" |
Jeremy Bentham |
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"a moral theory that never allowed us to violate rights would be very implausible" |
John Stuart Mill |
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Act Utilitarianism |
Adopt principle of utility, calculate on case by case basis |
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Rule Utilitarianism |
adopt the set of rules which will max sum total of happiness in the community in the long run |
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Classical Utilitarianism |
Instructs us to purse max happiness |
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Average Utilitarianism |
instructs us to pursue max happiness per person |
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Stork and the Plow Theses |
1. we have already critically exceeded the carrying capacity of the earth 2. in order to avert environmental catastrophe, we must stabilize human population growth and reduce population to a sustainable size 3. this is a problem in all realms, rich/poor - even if you're self interested |
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Stopping Population growth in US |
1. Stop immigration, limit birthrate to 1 per couple 2. continue immigration rates, 1 child per every other couple |
