Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What types of things bind to hormone receptors?
|
proteins, peptides, and modified amino acid hormones bind
|
|
|
What types of things bind to nuclear receptors
|
steroid hormones
|
|
|
What happens when nuclear receptors are bound?
|
these then release heat shock proteins- and the HSP's go to the nucleus and alter gene expression
|
|
|
What do trophic hormones do?
|
these stimulate release of hormones from glands, as well as promote the growth of this gland
|
|
|
how do end product hormones typically affect the hypothalamic pituitary axis?
|
these typically inhibit them! preventing their release
|
|
|
How does the hypothalamus affect prolactin?
|
inhibition
|
|
|
Are peptide hormones stored?
|
yes they are stored in secretory vesiclse
|
|
|
Are steroid hormones stored?
|
no they are not, they are lipophillic dummy!
|
|
|
when are steroid homrones released?
|
when they are synthesized
|
|
|
are thyroid hormones stored?
|
yes they are
|
|
|
what regulates release of thyroid homrones?
|
up stream signals
|
|
|
what regulates release of steroid hormones?
|
usually at the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone
|
|
|
what regulates release of peptide hormones?
|
upstream signals
|
|
|
are peptide hormones orally active?
|
NOPE- they are digested
|
|
|
are steroid/thyroid hormones orally active?
|
yes they are
|
|
|
What is the main regulatory mechanism for prolactin?
|
dopamine does tonic inhibition
|
|
|
What causes prolactin release?
|
stress
suckling phenothiazine TRH |
|
|
is there any use for prolactin in medicine?
|
nope
|
|
|
What kind of drug is Bromocriptine or Cabergoline?
|
these are dopamine agonists, used to decrease prolactin release
|
|
|
What are the indications for giving Bromocriptine or Cabergoline?
|
prevent breast tenderness/lactation
Tx of amenorrhea/galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia tumors Paradoxically decrease GH secretion from GH secreting tumors |
|
|
Why is Cabergoline better than bromocriptine?
|
it is more effective at suppressing prolactin release, with fewer side effects
|
|
|
How long is the half life of Cabergoline?
|
longer than bromocriptine.
only needs 1/2x per week dosings |
|
|
who should NOT take Cabergoline?
|
pregnant women
|
|
|
What inhibits GH release?
|
somatostatin
|
|
|
What tissues does GH directly affect?
|
Liver, Bone, Adipocytes, Muscles
|
|
|
What are the effects of GH on bones?
|
stimulates longitudinal bone growth (makes them longer)
|
|
|
What are the effects of GH on the liver?
|
increased gluconeogenesis
|
|
|
What are the effects of GH on muscle and fat?
|
these decrease glucose use in an ANTI-Insulin fashion
|
|
|
What is the second messenger that mediates most of the effects of GH?
|
IGF-1
|
|
|
What kind of drug is Somatropin/ Somatem?
|
GH agonist
|
|
|
what is Somatropin/ Somatem used to treat?
|
GH deficiency in kids
treats growth failure |
|
|
How often are Somatropin/ Somatem given, and what route?
|
these are given SC/IM
requires daily injections |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of Somatropin/ Somatem?
|
Fluid retention/edema
musculoskeletal pain hyperglycemia hypothyroidism |
|
|
What are the contraindications of Somatropin/ Somatem?
|
Diabetes mellitus (due to increased gluconeogensis)
hypothyroidism |
|
|
What is Sermorelin?
|
this is a synthetic GH receptor agonist.
but its not very effective |
|
|
What is Mecasermin ?
|
this is recombinant IGF-1
|
|
|
What is Mescasermin Rinfabate?
|
this is recombinant IGF-1 and rh!GFBP-3, which increases the half life
|
|
|
What is Mecasermin given for?
|
pts who are unresponsive to GH therapy
|
|
|
how is Mecasermin given?
|
injected sub cue twice daily
|
|
|
What are the adverse effects of Mecasermin?
|
hypoglycemia, cellular proliferation
|
|
|
What kind of drug is Oceterotide?
|
this is a GH antagonist
|
|
|
What kind of drug is Lanreotide?
|
this is a GH antagonist
|
|
|
What are octreotide and Lanreotide analogs of ?
|
Somatostatin
|
|
|
What inhibits GH release?
|
Somatostatin
|
|
|
What are Octreotide and Lanreotide used to treat?
|
GH excess (acromegaly)
tumor size/growth (in general) excessive diarrhea |
|
|
How are Octerotide given?
|
SC injection 3x daliy
|
|
|
How is Lanreotide given?
|
a once monthly* injection
|
|
|
What are the primary adverse effects of giving the GH antagonsits- Octreotide and Lanreotide?
|
GI effects
Gallstones/GB sludge |
|
|
What kind of drug is Pegvisomant?
|
this is a GH receptor* antagonist
|
|
|
What is Pegvisomant given for?
|
returns IGF-1 levels to normal in 97% of pts- extremely effective
|
|
|
What is the one adverse effect of Pegvisomant?
|
promotes growth of GH secretin tumors due to lack of negative feedback
|
