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194 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Fl-At-PrRo-Sim-Lo |
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Fluvastatin Atorvastatin Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Simvastatin Lovastatin |
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Fibrates
Fat Girls |
Fibrates
Fenofibrate Gemfibrozil |
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Niacin
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Niacin
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Bile Acid Sequestrants
Tip Evil Tyra |
Bile Acid Sequestrants
ColesTIPol ColesEVELam CholesTYRAmine |
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Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
? HINT: Easy Timmy |
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Ezetimibe |
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Corticosteroids
ORDER OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT POTENCY: BDF-TMPolone-PHCD |
Corticosteroids
ORDER OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT POTENCY: Betamethasone Dexamethasone Fludrocortisone Triamcinolone Methylprednisolone Prednisolone Prednisone Hydrocortisone Cortisone Desoxycorticosterone |
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Corticosteroids
ORDER OF SALT-RETAINING EFFECT FDH-CPPolone-M |
Corticosteroids
ORDER OF SALT-RETAINING EFFECT: Fludrocortisone Deoxycorticosterone Hydrocortisone Cortisone Prednisone Prednisolone Methylprednisolone |
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Inhibitors of Adrenocorticoids
STEAM My Cat |
Inhibitors of Adrenocorticoids Biosynthesis or Function
Spironolactone Triolstane Eplerenone Aminoglutethimide Metyrapone Mifepristone Ketoconazole |
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Estrogens
Ester Must Try One Ethyl (or) Die |
Estrogens
Estradiol Mestranol Estriol Estrone Ethinyl Estradiol Diethylstilbestrol |
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Selective Estrogen Modulators
TaC RaT |
Selective Estrogen Modulators
Tamoxifen Clomiphene Raloxifene Toremifene |
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Older Agents 21-Carbon Progesterone Analogs:
Hi Meg, (I) Diminish Meds |
Older Agents 21-Carbon Progesterone Analogs:
Hydroxyprogesterone Megestrol Dimethisterone Medroxyprogesterone |
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Newer Agents 19-nor and 13-ethyl:
Do Not Jest |
Newer Agents 19-nor and 13-ethyl:
Desogestral Norgestimate Gestodene |
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Progestins:
Dr (I) Don't Love Medicine, NO, NO, NO |
Progestins:
Drospirinone Desogestral Levonorgestral Medroxyprogesterone Norethindrone Norethindrone Acetate Norgestrel |
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Aromatase Inhibitors:
Let Ex |
Aromatase Inhibitors:
Letrozole Exemestane |
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Androgens:
Dans Nan (has) Flu, Oxygen Tests(Cyp, Ena) |
Androgens:
Danazole Nandrolone Fluoxymesterone Oxandrolone Testosterone Cypionate Testosterone Enanthate |
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Androgen Suppressors:
Lou Never Goes |
Androgen Suppressors:
Leuprolide Naferelin Goserelin |
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Antiandrogens:
Big Dudes Nail Fine Flutes |
Antiandrogens:
Bicalutamide Dutasteride Nilutamide Finasteride Flutamide |
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Drugs for Thyroid Replacement:
T4, T3, T4:T3, TD |
T4 - Synthetic Levothyroxine
T3 - Liothyronine T4:T3 in 4:1 Ratio - Liotrix Thyroid desiccated |
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Drugs that Inhibit Thyroid Hormone
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Drugs that Inhibit Thyroid Hormone
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Thioamines:
Pro Meth |
Thioamines:
Propylthiouracil methimazole |
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Iodine and Iodine Salts:
(3 Drugs) |
Iodine and Iodine Salts:
SSKI - Saturated Solution of Potassium Iodide Lugol's Solution Radioactive Iodine (131 I) |
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Iodinated Radiocontrast Media:
I Pay IPOD |
Iodinated Radiocontrast Media:
Ipanoic Acid, Ipodate |
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Tx for Thyroid Storm?
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Beta Blockers - Non Selective - Propranolol
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Anticancer Agents-Antimetabolites
4 Classes HINT: F, P, P, R |
Folic Acid Antagonists
Pyrimidine Antagonists Purine Antagonists Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors |
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Folic Acid Antagonist
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Methotrexate
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Pyrimidine Antagonists
Cap A Gem See (Cy) Floor Five |
Capecitabine
Azacytidine Gemcitabine Cytarabine Fluorodeoxyuridine 5-Fluorouracil |
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Purine Antagonists
CHANT: "6M-6T-Flu-Clad-PenT" |
6-Mercaptopurine
6-Thioguanine Fludarabine Cladribine Pentostatin |
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Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors
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Ribonucleotide Reductase
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Anti Cancer Drugs - Alkylating Agents
6 Classes HINT: PANTEN |
Platinum containing compounds
Alkyl Sulfonates Nitrosoureas Triazines Ethylenelmines Nitrogen Mustards |
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Nitrogen Mustards:
Kick Mee C I C Me Me |
Chlorambucil
Ifosfamide Cyclophosphamide Mephalan Mechlorethamine |
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Ethyleneimines:
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Thiotepa
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Alkyl Sulfonates
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Busulfan
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Nitroseureas:
HINT: B, C, Meth C, Strep |
BCNU, CCNU, Methyl CCNU, Streptozocin
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Triazines:
Hint DT |
Dacarbazine
Temozolomide |
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Platinum containing compounds:
Hint: Ends in platin |
Cisplatin
Carboplatin Oxaliplatin |
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Anticancer Agents - Plants- Four classes
VCTE |
Vinca Alkaloids
Taxenes Epipodophyllotoxins Campothecins |
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Anticancer Agents - Antibiotics - Four Types
BAAM |
Bleomycin
Actinomycin D Antracyclines Mitomycin |
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Vinca Alkaloids
Blast Cristi |
Vinblastine
Vincristine |
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Taxenes
PD |
Paxlitaxel
Docelaxel |
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Epipodophyllotoxins:
ET |
Etoposide
Teniposide |
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Campothecins:
IT |
Irinotecan
Topotecan |
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Antibiotics - Antracyclines
MIDD |
Mitoxantrone
Idarubicin Doxorubicin Daunorubicin |
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Anticancer agents - Biological Response Modifiers:
HEARIG |
Herceptin
Erbitux Avastin Rituxan Ibritumomab Gemtuzumab |
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Anticancer Agents - Miscellaneous Agents - Tyrosine kinase inhibitors:
SIG |
Sutent
Iressa Gleevec |
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Anticancer Agents - Miscellaneous Agents - Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors - HDAC Inhibitors: ?
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Zolinza
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What does HMG-CoA Reductase do?
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Synthesizes cholesterol from mevalonate.
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How is primary chlomicronemia treated?
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Strict low fat diet, no drug therapy.
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How is familial hypertriglyceridemia treated?
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Give fibrates or niacin
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What hormone worsens hypertriglyceridemia?
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Estrogen
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How is familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia treated (high VLDL/LDL)?
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Niacin for VLDL, statins or resins for LDL
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How is familial dysbetalipoproteinemia treated (high VLDL and cholesterol)?
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Low dose fibrates and niacin
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Ho wis familial hypercholesterolemia treated (block in LDL break down)?
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heterozygous cases: statins, resins, niacin, ezetimibe
homozygous cases: niacin, atorvastatin, ezetimibe, rosuvastatin |
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What are the homozygous cases?
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Two copies of the faulty gene that coes for the LDL reeptor (removes LDL from blood), very severe diagnosis and need intensive therapy
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Ho wis familial ligand defective apo-B (impaired uptake of LDL) treated?
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Niacin to lower VLDL, statins and ezetemibe
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How do resins work?
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Bind bile acids and steroids in the gut so they can't be reabsorbed
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What does HMG-CoA Reductase do?
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Synthesizes cholesterol from mevalonate.
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How is primary chlomicronemia treated?
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Strict low fat diet, no drug therapy.
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How is familial hypertriglyceridemia treated?
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Give fibrates or niacin
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What hormone worsens hypertriglyceridemia?
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Estrogen
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How is familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia treated (high VLDL/LDL)?
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Niacin for VLDL, statins or resins for LDL
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How is familial dysbetalipoproteinemia treated (high VLDL and cholesterol)?
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Low dose fibrates and niacin
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Ho wis familial hypercholesterolemia treated (block in LDL break down)?
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heterozygous cases: statins, resins, niacin, ezetimibe
homozygous cases: niacin, atorvastatin, ezetimibe, rosuvastatin |
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What are the homozygous cases?
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Two copies of the faulty gene that coes for the LDL reeptor (removes LDL from blood), very severe diagnosis and need intensive therapy
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Ho wis familial ligand defective apo-B (impaired uptake of LDL) treated?
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Niacin to lower VLDL, statins and ezetemibe
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How do resins work?
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Bind bile acids and steroids in the gut so they can't be reabsorbed
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Which drugs undergo EHC?
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Resins
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What conditions do resins and statins not treat and why?
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Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia because the patients have no LDL receptors.
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Resins are used to treat intoxication of what drug?
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digitalis
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How do statins work?
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inhibit MHG-CoA reductase, inhibits mevalonate synthesis which is converted to cholesterol
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Which statins are metabolized by CYP3A4
HINT: LSA |
lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin
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Which statins are metabolized by CYP2C9?
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Fluvastatin
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What statins are metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2C9
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Cerivastatin, rosuvastatin
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What drugs can't be taken with grapefruit juice?
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Lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin
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What enzyme do statins elevate at toxic levels?
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Creatinine Kinase, check every six months.
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What drugs are teratogenic?
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Statins, Ezetimibe
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What drug is the first line agent for all forms of elevated TGs
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Niacin
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What side affect of niacin is common and how is it treated?
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Skin flushing, give ASA/nsaids first
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How do fibrates work?
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Activates PPAR-a which regulates lipid metabolism genes
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Fibrates are contraindicatd in patients with a history of what?
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Gall stones, gall bladder disease
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What drugs increase LFTs
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statins, niacin, fibrates
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What drug is ezetimibe combined with to lower LDL significantly?
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Simvistatin
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What drugs decrease the absoprtion of fat soluble vitamines ADEK
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resins
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What drug increases the levels of ezetimibe
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Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant)
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Resins interfere with the absoprtion of what statins?
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Pravastatin, cerivastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin (CYP2C9)
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What drugs increase PT/INR?
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Lovastatin, resins
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Which drugs are used for HDL deficiences?
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Statins
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What is the major therapeutic use of glucocorticoids?
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Anti-Inflammatory
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What is the biggest caution in glucocorticoids?
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Increased risk of infection
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What drugs have the highest anti-inflammatory effect?
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Betamethasone, dexamethasone
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What drugs have the highest salt retaining effect?
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Fludrocortisone, deoxycorticosterone
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What drug is used for addison's disease (chronic adrenal insufficiency)?
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Fludrocortisone
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What drug is used for addisonian crisis (acute adrenal insufficiency)?
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Hydrocortisone (high dose first then decrease)
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What drug is given to a mother to avoid fetal abnormalities in congential adrenal hypoplasia?
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Dexamethasone
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What drug is used to diagnose aldosteronism?
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Spironolactone
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What drugs are used for fetal lung maturation?
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Cortisol, betamethasone or dexamethasone to mother before delivery.
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What will occur if drugs are corticosteroids and are withdrawn without tapering?
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Addisonian criss (adrenal insufficiency)
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Chronic use of glucocorticoids may cause?
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Iatrogenic cushings syndrome, glaucoma, muscle wasting, infection, hypokalemia, CHF
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What drug is diagnostic for adrenal function and increased ACTH production
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Metryapone
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What drug inhibits CYP450 at high doses?
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Ketoconazole
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What drug is an abortifacient?
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mifepristone
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What drug is used only for adrenal carcinoma?
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milotane
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What drug is used for breast and adrenal cancer?
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aminoglutethimide
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Which estrogen is implicated in development of breast cancer?
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diethylstilbestrol
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Which estrogens undergo EHC
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Estrone, estriol
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What DDIs occur that affect the EHC of estrone and estril?
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ABX kill normal bacterial flora which affect EHC
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What is estrogens affect on coagulation?
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Increases factors 2,7,9,10 which increase coagulation
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What DDI does this produce?
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Warfarin
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Which drug is used to treat breast cancer?
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Tamoxifen
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Which drug is only used to treat metastatic breast cancer?
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Toremifene
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Which drug is used only for osteoporosis?
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Raloxifene
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What are two side effects of clomiphene?
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Ovarian enlargement, litters of kids
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What drug is teratogenic?
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Danazol
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What drug is an abortifacient?
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Mifepristone
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What adrenocorticoid inhibitor also does this?
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Misoprostol
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What are the three types of contraceptives?
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Monophasic - constant dose throughout cycle
Phasic - Increase in progestin throughout cycle Continuous Pill cycle |
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What three contraceptives are implants or parenteral?
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Medroxyprogesterone, etonogestrel, levonorgestrel
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What is the morning after pill?
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Levonorgestrel
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What are severe side effects of oral contraceptives?
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DVT, PE, Strokes, MI
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What are aromatase inhibitors used for?
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Advanced breast cancer
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What drugs require continuous blood levels drawn and why?
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Leuprolide, goserelin, and nafarelin because of initial surge in testosterone release
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What drug is used in BPH and hair loss?
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Finasteride
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What does this drug inhibit synthesis of that causes hair loss?
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Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
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What drugs are used for prostate cancer?
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Flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide (testosterone receptor blockers)
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What are the four drugs used to treat hypothyroidism?
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levothyroxine
liothyronine liotrix thyroid desiccated |
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What decreases the absoprtion of levothyroxine?
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Food, calcium, antacids with aluminum
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What drugs increase levothyroxine metabolism?
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CYP450 inducers like rifampin and phenobarbital
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What drugs are used for thyroid storm?
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SSKI, lugos solution, ipodate, ipanoic acid, diatrizoate, propanolol
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What drug is used as a permanent cure for hyperthyroidism?
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Radioactive iodine
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This drug cannot be used in what patients?
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pregnant and nursing mothers
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What drugs inhibit 5-deiodinase (converts T4-T3)?
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propylthiouracil, ipodate, ipanoic acid diatrizoate, propanolol
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What drug can also be used for CHF?
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Liothyronine (increases beta receptors in heart)
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What drug is neurotoxic and nephrotoxic at high doses
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methotrexate
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What do you give with this drug and why?
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Hydrate and alkalinize urine to avoid nephrotoxic crystals
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What drug is neurotoxic and pulmonary toxic?
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Fludarabine
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What drug is given with methotrexate?
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Leucovorin
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Why is leucovorin given with MTX?
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Used to "rescue" bone marrow from effects of MTX, also used in MTX over doses. Derivative of THF so it can be used as a vitamin that is not affected by MTX.
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What drugs inhibit thymidylate synthase?
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5-FU and 5-FdUrd
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What does thmidylate synthase do?
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Makes dTMP which repaires and synthesizes DNA
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Which drug is incorporated into DNA or RNA instead of cytosine?
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Azacytidine
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Which drugs inhibit DNA polymerase?
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gemcitabine and cytarabine
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Which drugs are used for childhood acute leukemia?
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thiopurine antagonists
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What drug is used for for chronic leukemia?
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Fludarabine
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What drug is used orally for melanoma and CML
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Hydroxyurea
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How does this drug work?
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Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, which has lethal effects on S-phase cells
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How do alkylating agents work?
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Bind to guanosine sites on DNA = cross linking, breakage and miscoding
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Why is leucovorin given with MTX?
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Used to "rescue" bone marrow from effects of MTX, also used in MTX over doses. Derivative of THF so it can be used as a vitamin that is not affected by MTX.
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What drugs inhibit thymidylate synthase?
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5-FU and 5-FdUrd
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What does thmidylate synthase do?
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Makes dTMP which repaires and synthesizes DNA
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Which drug is incorporated into DNA or RNA instead of cytosine?
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Azacytidine
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Which drugs inhibit DNA polymerase?
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gemcitabine and cytarabine
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Which drugs are used for childhood acute leukemia?
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thiopurine antagonists
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What drug is used for for chronic leukemia?
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Fludarabine
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What drug is used orally for melanoma and CML
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Hydroxyurea
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How does this drug work?
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Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, which has lethal effects on S-phase cells
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How do alkylating agents work?
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Bind to guanosine sites on DNA = cross linking, breakage and miscoding
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Which drugs have lung toxicity as a side effect?
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Busulfan, and all nitrosureas (BCNU, CCNU, Streptozocin)
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What alkylating agents are nephrotoxic/neurotoxic/ototoxic?
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Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin
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How do vinca alkaloids work?
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Inhibit spindle formation in mitosis
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How do taxenes work?
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bind to beta tubulin = no balance between tubulin and microtubules
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What natural drug is used for lymphoblastic anemia?
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teniposide
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How do epipodophyllotoxins work?
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inhibits tropoisomerase II
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How do campothecins work?
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inhibit topoisomerase I
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How do adrenocorticosteroids, in cancer therapy, work?
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suppress mitosis in lymphocytes
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What mioclonal antibody is cardiotoxic?
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Herceptin
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What mioclonal antibody causes bronchospasm
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Erbitux
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What is the most toxic monoclonal antibody?
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Rituxam
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What drug is an antibody attached to potent drug Calicheamicin?
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Gemtuzumab
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What is given to help avoid neural tube defects?
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Folate
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Where does nutrition come from, for the baby, during the first couple of weeks?
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The trophoblast
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At __ weeks onward, mother is providing nutrients?
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16 weeks
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How wide is the placenta
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3.5 microns
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What is the surface area of the placenta
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2-3 m2
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When does placenta permeability max out?
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approx. 32 weeks
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What compounds pass the placenta easily?
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Lipid soluble molecuels
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What compounds won't cross the placenta?
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Compounds bound to protein plasma
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High molecular weight items don't generally cross, although some will cross, such as IgG via?
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Pinocytosis
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What is an anticoagulant that won't cross the placenta?
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Heparin
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What anticoagulant is teratogenic?
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Warfarin
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The more plasma protein bound a drug the safer it is for a drug? Which drug is safer Methicilin at 40% plasma protein bound, or Dicloxicilin at 96% plasma protein bound?
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Dicloxicilin
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When drugs cross from mother to baby, via the placenta, what are the consequences?
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Abortion, antatomical malformation, delayed toxicity like DES, subtle toxicity such as behavioral and emotional defects that present later in life.
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What will relax the uterus?
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Beta 2 agonists
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What can stimulate the uterus?
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Something such as a nasal decongestant
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Phelidamide causes what two types of birth defects?
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Amelia and Focomelia
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Phelidimide is now used in?
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Leprosy and some cancers, should never be used in women, and not in males planning to have sex up to a month because it is carried in semen
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DES in Men causes?
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Hypotrophic testes
Pathogenic Sperm Epididymal Cysts |
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What compounds are passed via lactation/milk?
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Small molecular weight compounds
Non protein bound molecules Lipid Soluble |
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What is the pH of milk?
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Slightly acidic
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What can this slightly acid milk lead to with drugs?
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Ion trapping
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What kind of drugs will be ionized in the acidic milk and trapped?
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Basic Drugs
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What drugs increase lactation?
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Dopamine Antagonist
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What are drugs approved for hyperprolactinemia?
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Bromocriptine, some anticholinergics, sympathomimetics
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What are alternatives to drugs for lactation problems?
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Surgery or radiation
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What is another way to have drugs avoid milk?
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Use an alternate route for administration, a more localized administration.
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What is the time period at which drugs are mostly heavily concentrated in milk?
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2-4 hours
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