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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two ways thyroid hormones influence metabolic rate? |
1) stimulating protein synthesis in almost every tissue in the body |
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What does thyroid hormone control?
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body metabolic rate (metabolism)
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Where does conversion of T4 to T3 take place?
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liver and other tissues
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What other hormone produced by the thyroid is involved in calcium metabolism?
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calcitonin
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What enzyme converts iodide into iodine
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peroxidase
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Which drugs inhibit the incorporation of iodine into thyroglobulin?
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iodides
thioamides |
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Which drugs inhibit proteolysis of thyroid hormones bound to thyroglobulin before release into the bloodstream?
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iodides
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Which drugs block conversion of T4 into T3 in the peripheral tissues?
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ipodate
beta blockers corticosteroids |
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What inhibits TRH release from the hypothalamus?
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T3, T4
stress |
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What stimulates TRH release from the hypothalamus?
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cold
acute psychosis circadian and pulsatile rhythms |
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What two hormones are released by the hypothalamus onto the anterior pituitary in the thyroid axis? |
TRH
somatostatin |
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What acts on the anterior pituitary to inhibit release of TSH?
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T3, T4
somatostatin corticoids, dopamine |
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Which thyroid hormone comprises levothyroxine?
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T4
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Which thyroid hormone comprises liothyronin?
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T3
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Which thyroid hormone comprises liotrix?
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4:1 ratio of T4:T3
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What are the two thiaomides?
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methimazole
propylthiouracil |
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What is the primary indication for the thioamides? |
Grave's disease
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What is the major mechanism of thioamides?
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prevent thyroid hormone synthesis
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Which class of drugs (and specific drugs) block uptake of iodide by competitive inhibition of the iodide transporters?
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anion inhibitors:
perchlorate pertechnetate thiocyanate |
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What are the two mechanisms for iodides? (sodium iodide, potassium iodide)
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inhibit incorporation of iodine into thyroglobulin
inhibit hormone release (inhibit proteolysis of thyroxine from thyroglobulin) |
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What is the mechanism of action for beta blockers in the thyroid axis?
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inhibit conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues (liver?)
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What are complications of hypothyroidism in children?
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dwarfism
mental retardation |
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What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the US? |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
caused by autoimmune destruction of the thyroid |
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What is the most common disease caused by hyperthyroidism?
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Grave's disease
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The antibody produced in Grave's disease is directed against what?
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directed against the TSH receptor
can stimulate thyroid cells through it |
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What is the treatment plan for young patients with Grave's disease? |
methimazole or PTU
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What is the preferred therapy for patients older than 21 with Grave's disease?
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radioactive iodine
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What is the best treatment for single toxic adenomas?
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surgical excision or radioiodine therapy
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What is the best treatment for multinodular goiters? |
methimazole or PTU followed by partial thyroidectomy
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What is the term for hyperthyroidism caused by a viral infection of the thyroid gland?
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subacute thyroiditis
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What drugs are given to treat thyroid storm?
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propranolol for cardiovascular problems
potassium iodide to retard release of thyroid hormones supportive therapy for fever and heart failure |
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How do you treat dermopathy associated with thyroid disease?
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corticosteroids
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How is neonatal Grave's disease contracted?
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genetic transmission of trait
TSH-receptor antibodies passing through the placenta |
