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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vd of alcohol is equal to about ?
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.5-.7 L/kg
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men have a higher concentration of ?
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alcohol dehydrogenase
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Alcohol enhances the action of GABA on ? receptors
Inhibits the function of ? and ? receptors causing blackout Enhances conductivity of ? and ? channels |
GABAa
NMDA and KA Calcium and voltage gated K channels |
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True of False
An alcohol overdose can cause hypothermia? |
TRUE
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Chronic alcohol consumption can cause upregulation of ? receptors and voltage gated ? channels leading to seizures
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NMDA and Ca+
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paralysis of the eye muscles, ataxia, confused state
is associated with ? deficiency |
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Thiamine |
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anemia can result from alcohol related ? deficiency
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folic acid
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with other drugs, acute alcohol toxicity ? other drugs actions
Chronic alcohol tox. ? other drugs actions |
increases
decreases |
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? are most preferred when treating alcohol withdrawal symptoms?
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long acting benzodiazepine (diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, chlorazepate) and have anticonvulsant action, may accumulate in liver dysfunction
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These BZ are useful in liver disease associated with alcohol
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short acting ((lorazepam and oxazepam)
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FDA approved, 1994
Long acting opioid receptor antagonist (m receptors) Once a day orally, 50 mg dose, or extended release IM injection every 4 weeks (Vivitrol, 380 mg) Attenuates the reinforcing but not the negative effects of alcohol consumption Contraindications and interactions: Can precipitate narcotic withdrawal in opiate dependent patients Patients with hepatitis, liver dysfunction or failure Also blocks opioid actions Brand: ReVia |
Naltrexone
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FDA approved, 2004
MOA: possibly restores balance between glutamate and GABA systems Dosage: 1-2 enteric coated tablets (333 mg) 3X a day Poorly absorbed from GI, food delays absorption Common adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment Pregnancy category C (fetal malformations in rats, rabbits) |
Acamprosate (Campral)
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Causes extreme discomfort in patients who drink alcohol
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde syndrome Flushing, throbbing headaches, nausea, vomiting, sweating, hypotension, confusion Inhibits dopamine b-hydroxylase depletion of NE stores (flushing, palpitations, hyperventilation, headaches, weakness, hypotension, syncope) |
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
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Causes extreme discomfort in patients who drink alcohol
Initial dose 250-500 mg /day for 5-7 days, then reduced to 125 -250 mg/day Rapidly absorbed from GI, full pharmacologic effect in 12 hours Slowly eliminated, effect may last several days after last dose Relatively safe, reported adverse effects: Acneiform eruptions Fatigue, tremors, restlessness, impotence, garlicky or metallic taste in the mouth Larger doses may result in depression Drug interactions: CYP2C9, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 inhibitor Decreases metabolism of oral anticoagulants, isoniazid, theophylline, metronidazole, or MAO inhibitors Patients should be warned to avoid any medications containing alcohol |
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
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