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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Opioid agonists action |
•bind with opiate receptors in CNS •reduce pain, suppress cough, slow respiratory rate and decrease peristalsis •pre-medication prior to surgery |
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Opioid agonists examples |
•codeine •fentanyl •hydrocodone •meperidine •morphine •oxycodone • oxycodone with acetaminophen •hydromorphone |
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Opioid agonists nursing considerations |
Assess, re-assess pain, assess respiratory rate and effort, assess for urinary retention |
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Opioid agonists/antagonists action |
•lower addiction potential •lower respiratory depression •cause withdrawal symptoms in opioid dependent |
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Opioid agonists/antagonists examples |
•butorphanol •nalbuphine |
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Opioid antagonists action |
•used for opioid overdoses •competes with opiates for binding sites |
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Opioid antagonists action |
•used for opioid overdoses •competes with opiates for binding sites |
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Opioid antagonists examples |
•naloxone •naltrexone |
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Analgesics Nursing considerations |
*check for allergies
*opioids not given for head trauma *opioids not given in shock *opioids not given in respiratory depression *use cautiously in patients with addiction *use cautiously in patients with urinary retention, asthma *causes constipation--long term use *do not crush SR preparation--respiratory depression |
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Antispasmodics Action |
Anticholinergic effects |
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Antispasmodics Examples |
*tolterodine tartrate *oxybutynin *solifenacin *fesoterodne |
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Antispasmodics nursing consideration |
*Anti-cholinergic effects--dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision *reverse effects of cholinergic drugs (glaucoma) *should not be used in obstructive uropathies (enlarged prostate) |
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Urinary Tract Anesthetics Action |
*Decrease burning with urination *localized effect *in conjunction with anti-infectives |
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Urinary Tract Anesthetics Examples |
*Phenzopyridine hydrochloride *phenyl Salicylate *Combination drugs |
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Urinary Tract Anesthetics Nursing considerations |
*should not be used for more than 2 days--cumulation *urine orange *sclera orange *do not use in renal insufficiency *pyridium--GI disturbances |
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Urinary retention drugs action |
*cholinergic agents; stimulate urination by increasing bladder tone and decreasing urinary sphincter tone *used post-op; post-partum; bladder atony |
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Urinary retention drugs examples |
*bethanechol chloride *meostigmine methylsulfate |
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Urinary retention drugs nursing considerations |
*Bronchoconstriction due to cholinergic effect *increased bronchial secretions *abdominal cramping and diarrhea *reverses effect of anti-cholinergic drugs *do not use with BPH |
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Benign Prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) signs and symptomy |
*decreased force of urinary stream *urinary hesitancy and dribbling *urinary retention *small frequent voidings |
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BPH drugs action |
*improve urine flow by decreasing the size of prostate or relaxing smooth muscles of prostate and bladder neck |
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BPH drugs examples |
Androgen inhibitor *finasteride (6-12 months to work) *dutasteride Alpha adrenergic blockers *doxazosin mesylate *terazosin HCl *tamsulosin |
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OTC drugs to help with BPH |
*Saw palmetto |
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Urinary tract infections |
*untreated can cause urosepsis *causative agents: eColi, enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staph saprophyticus *confirm with urine C & S *UTIs treated 1-14 days *prostatitis treated 28-42 days |
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Urinary tract antiseptics examples |
*methenamine *methylene blue |
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Urinary tract infection anti-infectives examples |
*aminoglycosides *nitrofurantoin *beta-lactum structure drugs *sulfonamides *furuoquinolones *tetracyclines |
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Antiseptics and Anti-infectives nursing considerations |
*obtain urine C & S prior to starting on antiseptic or anti-infective therapy *prescription should be completely finished *encourage fluid intake |
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Interstitial cystitis drug examples |
*dimethyl sulfoxide --instilled in bladder and left for 15 min. --antispasmodic, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic *pentosin polysulfate sodium --PO, used as bladder protectant *TCAs esp. imipramine --decreases frequency and urgency *Anti-spasmodics --tolterodine tartrate |
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Anti-emetics |
*N & V controlled by reflexes in GI tract, the medulla of brain and vestibular part of ear *give at onset of nausea |
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Anti-emetics examples (Dopamine Antagonists) |
*Dopamine Antagonists --metoclopramide ~increases GI motility; neurological SE --prochlorperzine ~PO, IM, IV, Supp, topical --promethazine ~PO, IM, IV, Supp ~confusion ~caution with HTN --trimethrobenzamide ~PO, IM, Supp |
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Anti-emetics examples (Antihistamine/Anticholinergic) |
*Antihistamine/Anticholinergic --dimenhydrinate ~PO used for motion sickness --hydroxyzine ~PO, IM --meclizine ~PO, used for vertigo and nausea caused by inner ear disorders |
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Anti-emetics examples (Anticholinergic) |
*Anticholinergic --scopolamine ~PO, IM, IV, Supp, Transdermal patch---apply 4 hrs before trip |
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Anti-emetics examples (5-HT3 Receptor Blockers) |
*5-HT3 Receptor Blockers --granisetron ~PO, IV, used in chemo --ondasetron ~blocks serotonin receptors in CTZ ~PO, IV, Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, pot-op |
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Anti-emetics examples (Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist) |
*Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist --aprepitant ~blocks receptors associated with N & V ~PO, chemo |
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Anti-emetics examples (Cannabinoid) |
*Cannabinoid --dronabinol ~PO; extracted from mariguana; controlled substance; administer before and after chemo |
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Anti-emetics examples (antacids) |
*Antacids---avoid milk and high vitamin D foods because it decreases absorption. best absorbed on empty stomach --aluminum/magnesium ~works on GI tract; Al can cause constipation; MG can cause diarrhea --bismuth subsalicylate ~works on GI tract --Sodium bicarbonate ~decreases acidity in stomach |
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Anti-emetics nursing considerations |
*determine cause of N, V, dizziness *All agents that affect CNS cause drowsiness *implement safety measures as may cause drowsiness *monitor for aspiration if drowsy or debilitated *anti-dopaminergic drugs can cause parkinson-like syndrome or worsen symptoms in patient with parkinson's disease |
