Bowel Elimination- Test 3

Front 1

____ is rhythmic smooth muscle contractions of the intestinal wall that moves things forward.

Back 1

Peristalsis

Front 2

The voluntary contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall and closing of the glottis increase intraabdominal pressure by 4-5 times. This aids us in passing feces and is known as _____.

Back 2

valsalva maneuver

Front 3

The valsalva maneuver is contraindicated in people with ____.

Back 3

cardiovascular disease/disorders

Front 4

The expulsion of feces from the anus and rectum is called _____.

Back 4

defacation

Front 5

The ___ takes food from the larynx to the stomach.

Back 5

esophagus

Front 6

Food is chemically digested and most is absorbed as it moves thru the _____.

Back 6

small intestine

Front 7

The small intestine consists of 3 sections:

Back 7

duodenum
jejunum
ilium

Front 8

The major function of the colon/large intestine is to

Back 8

eliminate undigestible food residue from the body.

Front 9

The 4 parts of the large intestine are:

Back 9

cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon

Front 10

The large intestine absorbs ____, _____, and _____.

Back 10

water
salts
vitamins

Front 11

The ____ is where feces is retained.

Back 11

rectum

Front 12

The _____ is the end of the digestive tract. It includes the internal involuntary sphincter and external voluntary sphincter.

Back 12

anus

Front 13

An infamt's first stool is _____. It is black and tar-like from ingested amniotic fluids, epithelial cells and bile.

Back 13

merconium

Front 14

The ____ sphincter is only open during the defecation process.

Back 14

external voluntary

Front 15

_____ is bright red blood in the stool.

Back 15

Hematochezia

Front 16

_____ is fatty, frothy, foul smelling stool that can be caused by a decrease in pancreatic enzyme secretion.

Back 16

Steatorrhea

Front 17

The normal feces color in adults is ____.

Back 17

brown

Front 18

The normal feces color in infants is _____.

Back 18

yellow

Front 19

Feces that is clay or white is abnormal and may be from...

Back 19

absence of bile pigments or a diagnostic study using barium.

Front 20

Feces that is black or tarry is abnormal and may be from...

Back 20

taking a drug such as iron, bleeding from upper GI tract, diet high in red meat and dark green vegetables.

Front 21

Feces that are red are abnormal and could be due to...

Back 21

bleeding from lower GI tract, some foods.

Front 22

Feces that are pale in color are abnormal and could be due to...

Back 22

malabsorption of fats, diets high in milk and milk products and low in meats.

Front 23

Feces that are orange or green are abnormal and could be due to...

Back 23

intestinal infection

Front 24

The normal consistency of feces is

Back 24

formed, soft, semisolid, moist

Front 25

Abnormal consistency for feces is _____. This could indicate dehydration, decreased intestinal motility resulting from lack of fiber in diet, lack of exercise, emotional upset, or laxative abuse. Also ____ is abnormal and could be due to increased intestinal motility.

Back 25

hard, dry

diarrhea

Front 26

The normal shape of feces is...

Back 26

cylindrical and about 1 inch in diameter for adults

Front 27

Abnormal shape for feces is...

Back 27

narrow, pencil shaped, or string-like

Front 28

The normal amount of feces per day is about

Back 28

100-400g (varies with diet)

Front 29

The normal aroma of feces is _____ not pungent.

Back 29

aromatic

Front 30

Pungent smelling feces could be caused by...

Back 30

infection or blood

Front 31

Normal constituents of feces are

Back 31

small amounts of undigested roughage, sloughed dead bacteria and epithelial cells, fat, protein, and dried constituents of digestive juices

Front 32

Abnormal constituents of feces include:

Back 32

pus, mucus, parasites, blood, large quantities of fat, and foreign objects.

Front 33

Pus in feces may be d/t...

Back 33

bacterial infection

Front 34

Mucus in feces may be d/t...

Back 34

inflammatory condition

Front 35

Blood in feces may be d/t...

Back 35

GI bleeding

Front 36

Large quantities of fat in feces may be d/t...

Back 36

malabsorption

Front 37

Foreign objects in feces may be d/t...

Back 37

accidental ingestion

Front 38

_____ is black, tarry stool that usually occurs with upper GI bleed.

Back 38

Melena

Front 39

A barium enema may cause ____ stool.

Back 39

white, chalky

Front 40

Anxious/angry people may have an ___ in peristalsis which can lead to diarrhea or nausea.

Back 40

increase

Front 41

Depression may lead to _____ intestinal activity resulting in constipation.

Back 41

decreased

Front 42

_____ medications increase GI motility and promote defecation.

Back 42

Cathardic

Front 43

_____ and ____ can cause decreased or ceased intestinal movements.

Back 43

Anesthesia and Surgery

Front 44

When should you listen to bowel sounds in regards to surgery?

Back 44

before and after

Front 45

Pain is a factor affecting bowel elimination and could be r/t...

Back 45

-hemorrhoids
-surgery
-constipation

Front 46

Fecal elimination problems include:

Back 46

-constipation
-fecal impaction
-diarrhea
-bowel incontinence
-flatulence

Front 47

____ is the decreased frequency of defecation. It results in hard, dry, formed stools that are painful.

Back 47

Constipation

Front 48

Causes of constipation include:

Back 48

-insufficient fiber and fluid intake
-insufficient activity
-irregular habits

Front 49

_____ is a mass or collection of hardened feces in the folds of the rectum. It may happen with people who are constipated or on bed rest or may be ignoring the urge to go.

Back 49

Fecal impaction

Front 50

When there is fecal impaction you will see passage of ____ and no _____.

Back 50

liquid fecal seepage

no normal stool

Front 51

Causes of fecal impaction include:

Back 51

poor defecation habits and constipation

Front 52

_____ is the passage of liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation.

Back 52

Diarrhea

Front 53

Major causes of diarrhea include:

Back 53

stress, medications, allergies, intolerance of food or fluids, disease of colon

Front 54

S/Sx of diarrhea include:

Back 54

-spasmodic cramps
-increased (hyperactive) bowel sounds
-fatigue
-weakness
-malaise
-emaciation

Front 55

______ is the loss of voluntary ability to control fecal and gaseous discharges.

Back 55

Bowel Incontinence

Front 56

The prevalence of bowel incontinence increases with ___.

Back 56

age

Front 57

Bowel incontinence is generally associated with...

Back 57

impaired functioning of the anal sphincter of nerve supply

Front 58

Training can help with bowel continence. Some examples are:

Back 58

establishing daily routine, use measures to promote defecation, avoid meds that cause increase in defecation, teach clients about proper positioning, exercise, and fluid/fiber intake.

Front 59

____ is the presence of excessive gas/flatus in the intestines. It leads to stretching and inflation of intestines (intestinal distention).

Back 59

Flatulence

Front 60

Flatulence may be caused by...

Back 60

certain foods, carbonated beverages, chewing gum, drinking straws, not moving around enough

Front 61

When obtaining the nursing history of bowel elimination it is important to note:

Back 61

-client's normal pattern
-description of usual feces
-recent changes
-past problems with elimination
-presence of an ostomy
-diet-fiber/fluid intake

Front 62

Warning signs of colon cancer include:

Back 62

-change in bowel pattern
-blood in stool
-change in character of stool
-sensation of incomplete emptying after bowel movement
-rectal/abdominal pain

Front 63

During physical examination of the bowel elimination system the nurse should...

Back 63

-examine the abdomen, rectum, and anus
-auscultate then palpate
-inspect feces for color, consistency, shape, amount, odor, and abnormal constituents
-review data from relevant diagnostic tests

Front 64

Interventions to manage constipation are:

Back 64

-administer meds (laxatives and cathartics)
-administer enemas (last resort)
-remove impaction
-encourage fiber intake (25-30g/day)
-encourage fluid intake or 2-3L/day
-encourage physical activity

Front 65

Docusate is a _____.

Back 65

stool softener

Front 66

____ are used with caution. A physician must recommend after other things have been tried or the patient is very uncomfortable.

Back 66

Laxatives

Front 67

______ are a strong stimulant of peristalsis that lead to defecation.

Back 67

Cathartics

Front 68

_____ is a main concern with older adults who become fixated on bowel routine.

Back 68

Perceived constipation

Front 69

Three different nursing diagnoses for constipation are:

Back 69

Constipation
Perceived Constipation
Risk for Constipation

Front 70

____ and ____ can be a medical or a nursing diagnosis.

Back 70

Constipation and Diarrhea

Front 71

Hypoactive bowel sounds often accompany _____.

Back 71

constipation

Front 72

Hyperactive bowel sounds often accompany _____.

Back 72

diarrhea

Front 73

Interventions to alleviate/manage diarrhea are:

Back 73

-identify cause
-observe and record number and consistency per day
-practice food safety
-avoid/limit certain foods/fluids (high fiber/fat, spicy, alcohol, caffeine)
-restore fluids and electrolytes
-anti-diarrheal medications

Front 74

General interventions for Diarrhea are:

Back 74

-promoting regular defections
-teaching about medications
-decreasing flatulence
-administering enemas
-digital removal of a fecal impaction
-instituting bowel training programs
-applying a fecal incontinence pouch
-ostomy management