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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why can't an infant control defecation?
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lack of neuromuscular development
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An older client's change in digestion and absorption is due to what body systems?
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cardiovascular and neurological
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Older adults have trouble controlling bowel evacuations because of muscle loss in what areas?
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perineal floor and anal sphincter
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Aside from a loss of muscle tone, what are two reasons for older adults to loose control of bowels?
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slowing of nerve impulses and less aware of need to defecate
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What food help to evacuate wastes and fat from bowels?
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bulk forming foods - whole grains, fresh fruit and veggies
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What types of food stimulate peristalsis?
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gas producing - onions, cauliflower, and beans
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How many glasses of fluid does an adult need to drink a day?
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6-8
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What does fruit juice do to stool and peristalsis
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softens stool and increases peristalsis
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Does physical activity promote or depress peristalsis?
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promote
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Does stress accelerate or slow down peristalsis?
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Accelerate
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Does depression accelerate or slow down peristalsis?
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slow down
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what is the normal position for defecation?
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squatting
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Does pregnancy increase or decrease peristalsis?
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decrease (3rd trimester)
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What is the difference between inhaled anesthetics and local/regional anesthesia?
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inhaled slow peristalsis, local/regional doesn't affect
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Which is more mild, cathartics or laxatives?
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laxatives
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What is the valsalva maneuver?
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holding your breath to push
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What is transit time?
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time medication stays in the GI tract for absorption
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When do you suspect impaction?
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continuous oozing of diarrhea stool occurs
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What are some signs and symptoms of impaction?
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loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention and cramping, rectal pain
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Why is fecal incontinence dangerous?
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contamination and skin ulceration
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Antibiotics could cause what type of bowel elimination problem?
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Diarrhea
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What type of bacteria can cause diarrhea?
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Clostridium difficile
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What are the two ways of getting C difficilie?
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factors that cause overgrowth and contact with the organism
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What does ELISA test for?
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C difficile
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How many stool specimens are needed for an ELISA test?
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2-3
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What are hemorrhoids?
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dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum
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What type of ostomy bypasses the entire large intestine?
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Ileostomy
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What type of ostomy is performed during an emergency?
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loop colostomy
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There are two parts to a loop colostomy. What does the proximal and distal ends drain?
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proximal: stool
distal: mucus |
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Why do many people get end colostomies?
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surgical treatment of colorectal cancer
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What psychological care can nurses give to ostomy patients?
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provide emotional support pre and postoperatively
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What types of sounds do you hear with abdominal distention?
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increase in pitch or a tinkling sound
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When handling stool specimens do you need to wear sterile or clean gloves?
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clean
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Can the client obtain a stool specimen?
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yes, if properly instructed
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If you are having a test measuring fecal fat how much of a collection do you need?
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3-5 days worth
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What types of food can give a false positive for a FOBT?
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red meat, poultry, fish, some raw veggies
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What types of medications can cause false positives for a FOBT?
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vitamin C, aspirin, and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs
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What is the function of the incontinence guidelines?
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assist in protecting the client's skin, promoting continence, and reducing the embarrassment associated with incontinence
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What is one of the most important habits to teach regarding bowel habits?
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take time for defecation
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When planning times for treatment, what is one thing you must take into account?
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the client's bowel elimination routine
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True or False:
In order to help, lift a patient onto a bedpan. |
false
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What has a stronger affect on the intestine, laxative or cathartics?
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cathartics
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What is an enema?
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the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sigmoid colon
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What type of enemas should children receive?
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normal saline
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Why can children only receive normal saline enemas?
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the are at risk for fluid imbalance
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What type of enema is contraindicated in clients who are dehydrated and young infants?
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hypertonic solutions
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What type of soap is to be used with a soapsuds enema?
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pure castile soap
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What is significant of a high enema?
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cleanse the entire colon
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After administering a high enema what should you tell the patient to do?
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turn from the left lateral to the dorsal recumbent, over to the right lateral position
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How much of the colon does a low enema cleans?
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rectum and sigmoid colon
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How long should a patient hold an oil retention enema?
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several hours if possible
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What type of enema provides relief from gaseous distention?
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carminative
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What is a Kayexalate enema used to treat?
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high serum K+ levels
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What is a sodium polystyrene sulfonate enema used to treat?
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high serum K+ levels
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What is a neomycin solution enema used for?
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reduce bacteria in the colon before bowel surgery
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What does "enema till clear" mean?
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enema is repeated until the client passes fluid that is clear and contains no fecal material
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If the vagus nerve is stimulated, what happens?
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heart rate slows
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What do you need in order to remove a fecal impaction?
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doctor's order
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When giving an enema, what is the position?
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left side-lying sims
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When do you initiate ostomy care and bowel retraining?
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acute care
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What should the patient with frequent constipation or impaction be required to eat?
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high-fiber foods and more fluids
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What should the client with frequent diarrhea should be required to eat?
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low fiber foods
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If a patient has hemorrhoids, what should be applied to relieve pain?
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heat
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What is something that can be done after a patient has a lack of continence?
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bathe the affected area
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What is the caution with bathing an area after the patient has had a lack of bowel continence?
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sometimes it results in more breakdown unless the client dries the skin thoroughly
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What is the greatest danger from diarrhea?
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development of fluid and electrolyte imbalance
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What is the ultimate goal when a patient is admitted for a bowl problem?
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the client will be able to have regular, pain-free defecation of soft-formed stools
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