Pharmacology - Test 2 Abused Drugs (Spring 11)

Front 1

What is mediated by the limbic system? (3)

Back 1

pleasure/euphoria
loss of rational control
compusion/craving

Front 2

Put the following in order of how long it takes for form an addition (fastest to slowest)

swallowed, smoked, IV, nasal

Back 2

IV > smoked > nasal > swallowed

Front 3

Which part of the brain is involved in judgment?

Back 3

prefrontal cortex

Front 4

Which parts of the brain are involved in pain? (2)

Back 4

thalamus, spinal cord

Front 5

Which parts of the brain are involved in reward? (2)

Back 5

VTA and NAc

Front 6

Activation of dopamine receptors in the NAc mediates what response?

Back 6

euphoria

Front 7

What innervates the NAc?

Back 7

VTA (ventral tegmental area)

Front 8

What part of the brain does the NAc innervate?

Back 8

prefrontal cortex (decision-making/judgment)

Front 9

Changes in what part of the brain mediate loss of rational control?

Back 9

prefrontal cortex

Front 10

What innervates the VTA? (2)

Back 10

amygdala, hippocampus

Front 11

Changes in the hippocampus and amygdala mediate what?

Back 11

compulsive behavior/craving

Front 12

Which neurotransmitter is released within hours of using addictive substances?

Back 12

dopamine

Front 13

What are the short-term adaptive changes in response to addictive substances?

Back 13

receptor/transporter/effector expression/function

Front 14

What are the intermediate-term adaptive changes in response to addictive substances?

Back 14

gene regulation

Front 15

What gene is altered after days-weeks of taking addictive substances?

Back 15

FosB - increases addictive behavior

Front 16

What (specifically) causes increased dendritic sprouting?

Back 16

FosB - CDK5

Front 17

What are the long-term adaptive changes in response to addictive substances?

Back 17

increased dendritic sprouting

Front 18

True or False - There is a significant genetic component to addiction

Back 18

True

Front 19

What are the classes of abused drugs? (7)

Back 19

stimulants, opioids, canbabinoids, hallucinogens, depressants, inhalants, steroids

Front 20

Which drugs activate GPCRs?

Back 20

opioids, cannabinoids, GHB

Front 21

Which GPCR is activated in drug abuse?

Back 21

Gi

Front 22

Activation of Gi results in what effect on dopamine neurons?

Back 22

disinhibition

Front 23

Which drugs bind ionotropic receptors and ion channels? (3)

Back 23

nicotine, alcohol, benzodiazepines

Front 24

What effects do nicotine, alcohol, and benzodiazepines have on dopamine neurons?

Back 24

excitation, disinhibition (?)

Front 25

Which drugs bind to transporters of biogenic amines? (DAT, SERT, NET, VMAT)
(3)

Back 25

cocaine, amphetamine, ecstacy

Front 26

Disinhibition involves the inhibition of what neuron that inhibits dopaminergic neurons?

Back 26

GABA neurons

Front 27

True or False - Nicotine has direct actions on dopaminergic neurons

Back 27

True

Front 28

What is the mechanism of action for opioids and drugs of abuse?

Back 28

Pre-synaptic opioid receptors inhibit GABAergic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons

Front 29

What is the mechanism of action for cannabinoids and drugs of abuse?

Back 29

Pre-synaptic cannabis receptors inhibit GABAergic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons

Front 30

What is the endogenous cannabinoid agonist?

Back 30

anandamide

Front 31

What is the cannabis receptor called?

Back 31

CB1

Front 32

What is the synthetic analog to cannabis?

Back 32

dronabinol

Front 33

What is the mechanism of action of cocaine?

Back 33

block dopamine/serotonin/NE reuptake

Front 34

What is the mechanism of action of amphetamines?

Back 34

inhibits VMAT and storage of dopamine, resulting in it leaving through DAT and accumulating in the synpase

Front 35

What is the mechanism of action for ecstacy?

Back 35

blocks reuptake transporters for dopamine/serotonin/NE

Front 36

Ecstacy is a (stimulant/depressant) and is similar to what other hallucinogenic drug?

Back 36

stimulant

similar to LSD

Front 37

Which abused drug is fatal with dehydration?

Back 37

ecstacy - hyperthermia

Front 38

What is the mechanism of action of nicotine?

Back 38

activation of nicotinic receptors on dopaminergic neurons in the VTA

Front 39

What is the mechanism of action of Ritalin (methylphenidate)?

Back 39

inhibits VMAT and storage of dopamine, resulting in it leaving through DAT and accumulating in the synpase

Front 40

Name the true hallucinogens (3)

Back 40

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

Front 41

What are the two (2) dissociative anesthetics?

Back 41

PCP, ketamine

Front 42

What is the mechanism for LSD?

Back 42

activates serotonin and dopamine receptors
increases glutamate release in the cortex

Front 43

What part of the brain is the "novelty detector"?

Back 43

locus ceruleus

Front 44

What is the mechanism for PCP/ketamine?

Back 44

NMDA receptor antagonist (causes dopamine release)

Front 45

What can mimic effects of PCP/ketamine at high doses?

Back 45

dextromethorphan

Front 46

Which drug can cause effects that mimic the primary symptoms of schizophrenia?

Back 46

PCP

Front 47

What is the mechanism of action for depressants?

Back 47

GABA activation

Front 48

What are the depressants? (3)

Back 48

alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines

Front 49

Inhalant drugs of abuse have mechanisms of action similar to what?

Back 49

inhaled anesthetics (GABA activation)