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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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drug
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Any substance taken by mouth; injected into a muscle, blood vessel, or cavity of the body; or applied topically to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
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pharmaceutics
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The science of dispensing drugs.
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chemical name
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The exact designation of a chemical structure as determned by the rules of chemical nomenclature.
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generic name
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The official, established name assigned to a drug.
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trade name
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The trademark name of a drug, designated by the drug company that sells the medication.
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official name
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The name of a drug that is followed by the initials USP (United States Pharmacopeia) or NF (National Formulary), denoting its listing in one of the official publications; usually the same as the generic name.
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agonist
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Drugs that combine with receptors and initiate the expected response.
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antagonist
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Agents designed to inhibit or counteract the effects of other drugs or undesired effects caused by normal or hyperactive physiological mechanisms.
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pharmacokinetics
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The study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time, including the processes of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion.
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absorption
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The process by which drug molecules are moved from the site of entry into the body into the general circulation.
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distribution
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The transport of a drug through the bloodstream to various tissues of the body and ultimately to its site of action.
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biotransformation
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The process by which a drug is converted chemically to a metabolite.
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excretion
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The elimination of toxic or inactive metabolites, primarily by the kidneys; the intestines, lungs, and mammary, sweat, and salivary glands also may be involved.
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loading dose
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A large quantity of drug that temporarily exceeds the capacity of the body to excrete that drug.
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maintenance dose
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The amount of a drug required to keep a desired steady state of drug concentration in tissues.
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parenteral
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Of or pertaining to any medication route other than the alimentary canal.
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first-pass metabolism
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The initial biotransformation of a drug during passage through the liver from the portal vein that occurs before the drug reaches the general circulation.
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placental barrier
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A protective biological membrane that separates the blood vessels of the mother and the fetus.
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biological half-life
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The time required to metabolize or eliminate half the total amount of drug in the body.
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drug interaction
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Modification of the effects of one drug by the previous or concurrent administration of another drug, thereby increasing or diminishing the pharmacological or physiological action of one or both drugs.
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pharmacodynamics
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The study of how a drug acts on a living organism.
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drug receptors
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Parts of a cell (usually an enzyme or large protein molecule) with which a drug molecule interacts to trigger its desired response or effect.
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therapeutic index
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A measurement of the relative safety of a drug.
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contraindications
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Medical or physiological factors that make it harmful to administer a medication that would otherwise have a therapeutic effect.
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