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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are different methods of contraception?
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• Abstinence
• Barrier methods • Intrauterine devices • Long-term Progestins • Oral contraceptives • Post-coital "morning-after" pill |
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Name and describe the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle
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• Follicular phase: thickening of the endometrium lining (FSH stimulates the development of the follicle)
• Ovulatory phase: LH surge; Ovum released from follicle (lives 15-24 hrs) • Luteal/Secretory phase: increases cervical viscosity to allow fertilization; if no fertilization, hormone levels decreases & endometrium sloughs off |
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Most oral contraceptive are combination pills of estrogen and progestins. What are the separate functions of estrogen & progestins?
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• Estrogen: suppress release of FSH/LH, inhibit ovum implantation
• Progestins: thicken cervical mucus, inhibits sperm transport, alter FSH/LH peaks |
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What are adverse effects of estrogen?
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• breast tenderness
• CVA • fluid retention • hypertension • nausea • thromboembolism |
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What are adverse effects of progestin?
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• acne
• depression • fatigue • hirsutism • hypertension • increased appetitie • weight gain |
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What is the pneumonic for "signs of trouble" for a patient taking oral contraceptives?
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Pneumonic: ACHES
• A - Abdominal Pain • C - Chest Pain • H - Headaches • E - Eye Problems • S - Severe leg pain |
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What are absolute contraindications of oral contraceptives?
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• cancer of breast
• genital bleeding • heavy smoker • liver tumor • pregnancy • stroke |
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What are relative contraindications of oral contraceptives?
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• major surgery
• severe headaches • smoker • uncontrolled hypertension |
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What are drugs that interact with oral contraceptives?
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• Antibiotics (especially macrolides): should not be taken together; decreases absorption of oral contraceptive; increased risk of getting pregnant
• Liver enzyme inducers (ie. Rifampin): increases metabolism of pill • Anticoagulant: increases clotting with estrogens (may require higher dose of anticoagulants) |
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What are characteristics of Progestin-Only Pills?
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• Less progestins than combination products
• Less reiable and may lead to irregular menses • Good choice for patients with DVT, HTN, breast-feeding, & smokers |
