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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 categories of drug therapy used for Parkinson's disease |
dopaminergic agents dopamine agonsts COMT inhibitors Anticholinergics MAO-B inhibitors Antivirals |
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Prototype for dopaminergic agents |
levodopa, levodopa/carbidopa |
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prototype for dopamine agonists |
pramipexole |
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prototype for COMT inhibitors |
entacapone |
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prototype for anticholinergics in Parkinson's Disease |
benztropine |
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prototype for MAO-B inhibitors |
selegiline |
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prototype for antivirals for Parkinson's disease |
amantadine |
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which drug category's main focus is to reduce tremors and rigidity |
anticholinergics |
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which drug has a risk of gambling and compulsive behaviors |
pramipexole |
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Which drug for PD should be given in the morning to prevent insomnia |
selegiline |
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which drug for PD can cause livedo reticularis |
amantadine |
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prodrug prototype of antiepileptics |
fosphenytoin |
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prototypes that act on the sodium channels of antiepileptics |
phenytoin, fosphenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid |
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prototype drug that acts on both calcium and sodium channels |
valproic acid |
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prototype for barbiturates |
phenobarbital |
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antiepileptic prototype more commonly used for neuropathic pain |
gabapentin |
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antiepileptic prototype that affects calcium channels |
pregabalin |
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drug category used to treat acute seizures |
benzodiazepines |
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What is the therapeutic index levels for phenytoin |
10-20 mcg/ml |
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What is the appropriate rate of administration for IV phenytoin |
50 mg/min |
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which antiepileptic drug is not compatible with dextrose commonly found in many maintenance fluids |
phenytoin |
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drug of choice for treating tonic-clonic seizures in adults |
phenytoin |
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which antiepileptic drug is also used to treat cardiac dysrhythmias |
phenytoin |
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which 2 antiepileptics can cause blood dyscrasias |
carbamazepine, valproic acid |
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Which antiepileptic increases its own metabolism over time? |
carbamazepine |
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What is the most common side effects of all anti-epileptics |
CNS side effects |
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Which antiepileptics are also used to treat bipolar disorder? |
carbamazepine, valproic acid |
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This antiepileptic has risk for severe liver dysfunction and pancreatitis |
valproic acid |
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Which antiepileptic can be used to treat all seizure types |
valproic acid |
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which antiepileptic drug also may be used to treat bipolar disorder and migraine headaches |
valproic acid |
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Which antiepileptic has a risk of hyperammonemia |
valproic acid |
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Which 2 antiepileptics are used only for partial seizures |
gabapentin, pregabalin |
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which antiepileptic may also be used to treat fibromyalgia |
pregabalin |
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Which nonbarbiturate antiepileptic drug has a risk of abuse related to euphoric effects? |
pregabalin |
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What drug categories is the drug of choice for both insomnia & anxiety |
benzodiazepines |
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What is the antidote for benzodiazepines |
flumazenil |
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What is the concern with flumazenil |
It will not reverse the effects of respiratory depression from benzodiazepines |
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lorazepam administration time |
max 2 mg/min |
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What serious side effect is possible with all drugs for insomnia |
sleep-driving |
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Which drug classification may be used for conscious sedation |
benzodiazepines |
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Which drug for insomnia is FDA approved for long term use |
eszopiclone |
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which drug for insomnia has a rapid onset and short duration |
zaleplon |
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Which drug for insomnia should not be taken with a high fat meal |
zaleplon |
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Which drug for insomnia may cause an altered taste in the mouth |
eszopiclone |
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What 3 drug categories are utilized in treatment of insomnia |
benzodiazepines benzodiazepine like drugs melatonin agonists |
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prototype for benzodiazepines for insomnia |
lorazepam |
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What are the 3 prototype drugs for benzodiazepine like drugs |
zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone |
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which drug for insomnia is approved for over the counter purchase |
ramelteon |
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which drug for insomnia may increase prolactin and/or decrease testosterone |
ramelteon |
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when taking ramelteon what other drug is contraindicated? |
fluvoxamine |
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In what conditions should patients use caution with drugs for insomnia |
COPD sleep apnea impaired liver function impaired kidney function (some) |
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What are the 3 categories of drugs used to treat anxiety? |
benzodiazepines barbiturates nonbenzodiazepine/nonbarbiturates |
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What is the prototype for benzodiazepines for anxiety? |
diazepam |
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What is the prototype for nonbenzo/nonbarbiturates? |
buspirone |
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Which drug for anxiety requires long term use to reach effective levels? |
buspirone |
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What are the common side effects of buspirone? |
dizziness, headache, nausea, constipation |
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Which drug category is contraindicated with use of buspirone? |
MAOI inhibitors |
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What 2 categories of drugs are used for alzheimer's disease? |
cholinesterase inhibitors NMDA receptor antagonists |
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What is the prototype for cholinesterase inhibitors? |
donepezil |
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What is the prototype for NMDA receptor antagonists? |
memantine |
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What drug category should be avoided with use of donepezil? |
anticholinergics |
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which drug category for AD is available in a patch form? |
cholinesterase inhibitors |
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Which drug should alkalinized drugs be avoided with? |
memantine |
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Which AD drug affect Acetylcholine levels? |
donepezil |
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Which AD drug affects calcium influx into neurons? |
memantine |
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What are the common adverse effects of memantine? |
dizziness, confusion, headache, constipation |
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What are the common adverse effects of donepezil? |
GI side effects, headache, dizziness, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia |
