Ouhsc Pharmacology Exam Ii

Front 1

Definition in Dx of High Blood Pressure

Back 1

Systolic > or equal to 140 mm Hg
Diastolic > or equal to 90 mm Hg

Front 2

What is a normal BP reading?

Back 2

130/80 mm Hg

Front 3

What is the pre-hypertension range?

Back 3

130-139 Systolic
80-89 Diastolic

Front 4

Stage 1 (Mild)

Back 4

140-159 Systolic
90-99 Diastolic

Front 5

Stage 2 (Moderate)

Back 5

160-179 Systolic
100-109 Diastolic

Front 6

Stage 3 (Severe)

Back 6

180-209 Systolic
110-119 Diastolic

Front 7

Stage 4 (Very Severe)

Back 7

210 Systolic
120 Diastolic

Front 8

What is a hypertensive emergency?

Back 8

Sustained diastolic BP >130 mm Hg

Front 9

Essential (Primary) Hypertension

Back 9

No specific cause of hypertension can be found
Genetic inheritance, psychological stress, and environmental and dietary factors associated.

Front 10

Secondary Hypertension

Back 10

~10% of patients
Specific cause can be identified
Chronic renal disease
Adrenal Gland Tumors
Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Front 11

Early Stage Presentation

Back 11

Asymptomatic except for elevated BP

Front 12

End Organ Damage Presentation: CVs

Back 12

Stroke, infarcts in cerebral vessels, intracerebral hemorrhage, TIAs

Front 13

End Organ Damage Presentation: Eye

Back 13

Accelerated arteriosclerosis, retinal infarcts, papilledema (sweling of the optic disc), and retinopathy

Front 14

End Organ Damage Presentation: Heart

Back 14

Left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, coronary artery diseases, myocardial infarction

Front 15

End Organ Damage Presentation: Kidney

Back 15

Arteriosclerosis and renal failure

Front 16

Treatment of Hypertension: Non-Pharm

Back 16

Dietary sodium restriction (<2.3 gm/day)
High-fiber, low-fat diet
Weight control
Exercise
Life style change (tobacco cessation, decrease in alcohol and caffeine consumption)

Front 17

Tx of Hypertension: Pharm

Back 17

Reduction of the incidence of progressive cardiovascular and renal complications can occur with pharm interventions.

Front 18

What is the goal of anti-hypertensive therapy?

Back 18

Produce a sustained lowering of BP by reducing total peripheral resistance (TPR). Almost all hyper patients have normal cardiac output and elevated TPR.

Front 19

Hyper therapy and Effectiveness

Back 19

Medication must be taken regularly

Front 20

Category: Diuretics

Back 20

Thiazide diu.: Hydrochlorothiazide (Carozide)
Loop diu.: Furosemid (Lasix)
Potassium-sparing diu.: Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Front 21

Category: Sympatholytic

Back 21

Centrally acting agents: Clonidine (Catapres)
Beta-adrenoceptor blockers ("-olols"): Propranolol (Inderal), Metoprolol (Lopressor) and Atenolol (Tenormin)
Alpha-adrenoceptor blockers: Prazosin (Minipress), Terazosin (Hytrin) and Doxazosin (Cardura)
Mixed blockers: Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate, Vescal) and Carvedilol (Coreg)

Front 22

Direct Vasodilators

Back 22

Arterial vaso: Minoxidil (Loniten) and Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Calcium Channel Blockers: Amlodipine (Vorvasc), Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan) and Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)

Front 23

Inhibitors of Angiotensin System

Back 23

ACE inhibitors: Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) and Ramipril (Altace)
Angio Receptor blockers: Losartan (Cozaar) and Valsartan (Diovan)

Front 24

Centrally Acting Agent: Clonidine (Catapres)

Back 24

Site and MOA: CNS-alpha adrenoceptor agonist. Lowers sympathetic outflow and increases vagal tone, decreasing cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Use of drug: second or third line drug choice for lowering BP and in hypertensive crisis

SE: sedation or drowsiness, rebound hypertension of drug withdrawal, dry mouth and constipation, sexual dysfunction, and compensatory response including water and sodium retention

Front 25

Adrenoceptor Blockers: Beta-adrenoceptor

Back 25

Cardioselective: Atenolol (Tenormin)
Non-cardio: Propranolol (Inderal)

MOA: Decrease CO by blocking beta 1 adrenoceptor; block beta 1 adrenoceptor-mediated renin release; may have CNS sympatho-inhibitory actions