Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hydroxyurea |
Sickle cell anemia Cytotoxic/antineoplastic *leukopenia, fever |
|
|
Beta adrenergic agonist (B2-Agonist) |
Bronchodilator Salbutamol or Ventolin NO: Cardiac arrythmias, stroke, hypertension, B-blockers, or caffeine *Tremor, hypokalemia (LOW K+), overuse = paradoxal bronchospasm |
|
|
Corticosteroids - Inhaled |
Flovent/fluticasone NO: Cataracts/glaucoma, peptic ulcer, psychiatric issues, infections *Hoarsness, oropharangeal fungal infections, adrenal insufficiency 5min b/w bronchodilator and steroid |
|
|
Anticholinergic - Inhaled |
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) Bronchodilation w/o systemic effects Close eyes when using (blurred vision), rinse mouth *Nervous, dizzy, GI irritation |
|
|
Antileukotrine |
Singulair Decreases inflammatory process NO: liver dz *Suicidal thoughts, increased liver enzymes, tremor |
|
|
Oxybutynin or Tolterodine |
Anticholinergics for bladder incontinence Spasmolytic action on smooth muscle NO: Glaucoma, urinary retention |
|
|
Sulfonamide |
Abx Septra or sulfisoxazole Take with plenty of fluids *Crystalluria, photosensitivity, agranulocytosis |
|
|
Fluoroquinolones |
Ciprofloxacin (end in floxacin) NO: sunlightsm anatacids, pregnancy, warfarin *Seizures/high intracranial prssure, colitis, hetatotoxicity, photosensitivity |
|
|
Cephalosporin |
Cephalexin, cefazolin, cefprozil, ceftriaxone NO: Alcohol, birth control pills *Colitis, seizures in high doses |
|
|
Nitrofuran |
Only for UTI Give with food *Pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, rust/brown urine |
|
|
Alpha-adrenergic blockers |
Terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin BPH/outflow obstruction Relaxes smooth muscle Give at bedtime *First dose hypotension, arrythmias, orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
Androgen Inhibitor |
Finasteride Reduce prostate size BPH and male pattern baldness *Sexual dysfunction will diminish with time, prostate cancer, impotence, breast cancer PREG X AVOID CONTACT WITH SEMEN OR MEDS |
|
|
Ferrous Salts |
Iron Given with Vit E in infants OJ aids absorption Give with meals Remain upright 30min after to avoid esophageal irritation Not with Calcium or antacids, peptic ulcers, alcoholism *Dark green or black stool, epigastric pain, liquid can stain teeth |
|
|
Folic Acid |
B9 Vegetables, fruit, organ meat (do not cook) NO: anacids, peptic ulcers, anticonvulsants *Discoloured urine, altered sleep and concentration |
|
|
Cyanocobalamine |
B12 Deficiency causes red tongue, psychosis, pallor, neuropathy In meat, seafood, egg yolk, fermented cheese NO: alcohol, aspirin *Headache, discoloured urine |
|
|
Tetracyclines |
Abx Doxycycline (vibramycin), minocycline NO: PREGNANCY, sunlight, <8y, birth control pills, antacids, dairy, iron, antidiarrheal *Permanent teeth dicolouration in kids, candida overgrowth, photosensitivity |
|
|
Isotretinoin |
For severe acne Vit A metabolite - reduces sebaceous gland size/differentiation Worsening of acne at first PREGNANCY X *Depression/suicide, conjunctivitis, impaired night vision, skin fragility, anemia, hypercholersterolemia, hyperglycemia, arthralgia, muslce/bone pain |
|
|
Macrolides |
Abx Azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin NO: warfarin, liver dz, fruit juice *Hepatotoxicity, abdominal pain, photosensitivity |
|
|
Aminoglycosides |
Abx - Gentamicin, tobramycin Prophylaxis for heart sx, impetigo eczema *Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity NO: Pregnancy = deafness |
|
|
Antivirals |
Acyclovir, ribavarin, valacyclovir, oseltamivir Herpes simplex, HIV, impetigo eczema, flu NO: Pregnancy, kidney dz *Seizures, increased liver enzymes, renal failure |
|
|
Anti-psoriatic |
Calcipitrol, coal tar, colloidal oatmeal Acts as synthetic Vit D Coal tar takes weeks to work |
|
|
Retinoids |
Anti-psoriatic = Acitretin For severe psoriasis PREGNANCY X *Rigors, depression, dry eyes, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, alopecia, nail disorder, sunburn, hematuria, hyperlipidemia, arthralgia, paraesthesia, transient worsening initially, hypervitaminosis A |
|
|
Collagenase |
Wound/ulcer care Enzymatic - debridement w/o irritating surrounding tissue Not for well healing wounds Stains tissue Works in 48-72h No more than 2 products ast a time |
|
|
Iodine or Sodium hypochlorite |
Wound/ulcer care Absorb exudate, reduce microbial count Irritating to surrounding tissue 48-7h, no more than 2 products |
|
|
Cytotoxic |
Antineoplastic and antimetabolite Methotrexate For cancer, severe psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis +++Drug interactions NO: Infections, renal or liver failure, radiation, alcohol, rectal temps *Hepatotoxicity, stomatitis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow depression |
|
|
Xanthines |
Bronchodilators Theophylline, aminophylline Used in infants Toxicity = anorexia, NV, hypotension Limit cigarette smoking Minimal Xanthine food (cola, coffee, chocolate) NO: Arrhythmia, seizues, abx use, caffeine, char-broiled foods` |
|
|
Anti-tuberculosis |
Ethambutol, isoniazid (INH), Rifampin 1st line therapy for TB, prevention is exposed B6 reduces side effects Avoid Tyramine foods (chocolate, wine, beer, bananas, aged cheese) causes flushing/palpitations/high BP NO: Liver dz, alcohol, malnourished, diabetes *Hepatitis INH = peripheral neuropathy Rifampin = red tears, urine Both on empty stomach w/water (INH can be given with sm. amt of food) For 12-24 months |
|
|
Pyrazinamide PZA (Tebrazid) |
Anti-TB in combination NO: Concurrent use with rifampin (hepatotoxicity), gout May interfere with urine ketones Should improve in 2-3 weeks *Acne, photosensitivty, hyperuricemia |
|
|
Streptomycin |
Aminoglycoside - can be used for TB NO: kidney dz, PREG D (Deafness), hearing impairment *Nephro/Ototoxicity Monitor blood levels |
|
|
Glycopeptide |
Abx - Vancomycin For MRSA - preferred choice, C Diff NO: renal dz, hearing loss *Nephro/Ototoxicity, flushing = red man syndrome |
|
|
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors |
Statins NO: Grapefruit, PREG X |
|
|
Nitrates |
Nitroglycerin 3 doses q5min then 911 TD patches above the heart NO: Viagara, alcohol, pregnancy *Orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
Beta Adrenergic Antagonists (B-blockers) |
End in lol Vasodilation, lower BP (hypertension, arrhythmias) NO: diabetes, antacids, asthma, abrupt withdrawal, HR <60 *Hypoglycemia, agranulocytosis, decreased libido |
|
|
Ca-Channel Blockers |
Diltiazem, Cardizem, Amlodipine For hypertension and arrhythmias NO: Digoxin, B-blockers, Grapefruit *Peripheral edema, flushing |
|
|
ACE Inhibiors |
-pril For hypertension and arrhythmia PREG D *HIGH K+, proteinuria, dry cough |
|
|
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers |
Lowers BP Iosartan -artan HIGH K+, PREG D |
|
|
Cardiac Glycoside |
Digoxin Anti-arrhythmic Interacts with most meds No anatcids *Blurred, yellow/green vision |
|
|
Loop Diuretics |
Furosemide Na&Cl out NO: Sulfa allergies, gout, diabetes, alcohol *Agranulocytosis, tinnitus, LOW Na/K/Ca |
|
|
Potassium Sparing Diuretic |
Spironolactone Na&Ca Saves K+ NO: Renal impairment, alcohol |
|
|
Thiazide Diuretic |
Hydrochlorothiazide Na NO: Diabetes, gout, liver or kidney dz *LOW K+, hyperglycemia |
|
|
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors |
Acetazolamide Na&K NO: Sulfa allergies, kidney failure *LOW Na/K+, paresthesia, leukopenia, metallic taste |
|
|
Penicillin |
Give with probiotics/dairy to prevent superinfections NO: Birth control pills, kidney failure, NSAIDS, Warfarin, caffeine, cola, fruit or tomato juice *Pseudomembranous colitis, HIGH Na&K |
|
|
NSAIDs |
COX1 = aspirin COX2 = celebrex Ibuprofen Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic Take with food Preg C/D *GI bleeding |
|
|
Thrombolytic Agents |
Alteplase, streptokinase Dissolve the clot PT test |
|
|
Anticoagulant |
Heparin, Warfarin, Fragmin, Lovenox Prevents clot aPTT for heparin, INR for warfarin PREG X |
|
|
Anti-platelet |
Aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole Prevent platelet plug Preventative for DVT, MI, stroke Take with food |
|
|
Anticholinergic |
Antiarrhythmic - Atropine For sinus bradycardia and parkinson's NO: Glaucoma, liver or kidney dz, slow metabolism *Dry mouth, drowsy, tachycardia, hypotension, flushing |
|
|
Na-Channel Blockers |
Quinidine, lidocaine, procainamide Antiarrhythmic NO: Grapefruit, antacids, liver dz *Agranulocytosis, abdoinal cramping, headache |
|
|
Potassium Channel Blockers |
Amiodorone, Sotalol Antiarrhythmic, slow HR, vasodilate Emergencies (kids) For CHF, A or V Fib, Tachycardia *Severe adverse effects = pulmonary fibrosis or toxicity, CHF, bradycardia, ataxia, paresthesia, photosensitivty PREG D |
|
|
Adrenergic |
Sympathomimetic Epinephrine NO: Antidepressants, oxytocin, B-blockers |
|
|
Antihistamine |
Benadryl, atarax, allegra NO: Glaucoma, pregnancy, kidney dz *Dry mouth, dizzy, drowsy, hypotension |
|
|
Topical Corticosteroids |
Hydrocortisone *Atrophy, burning, dry skin |
|
|
Anti-Acne Medications |
Benzol peroxide, Clindamycin phosphate, Tetrinoin - Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, increase in epithelial turnover 4-6w to work *Bleaching, photosensitivity, temporary worsening, peeling skin |
|
|
Oxazolidinones |
Abx - Linezolid (Zyvoxam) For MRSA, VRE NO: Uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes *Hypoglycemia, colitis, increased liver enzymes, diarrhea, bloody stool (report, may begin after tx ends) |
|
|
Nitroimidazole |
Metronidazole (Flagyl) For C Diff, peptic ulcer (H. pylori), bacterial vaginosis Take with food No alcohol during or after for 3 days *Seizures, dizziness, encephalopathy (IV), abdominal pain, liver dz |
|
|
Rapid Acting Insulin |
Lispro Humalog, Novorapid |
|
|
Short Acting Insulin |
Regular Humulin R, Novolin ge Toronto |
|
|
Intermediate Acting Insulin |
NPH Humulin N |
|
|
Long Acting Insulin |
Glargine Lantus |
|
|
Sulfonylureas |
Glyburide, Gliclazide Release of insulin from pancreas Increase sensitivity Decrease hepatic glucose |
|
|
Biguanides |
Metformin/Glucophage Decrease hepatic glucose and intestinal absorption Increase sensitivity Does not cause hypoglycemia NO: Anatacids, Iodine contrast *Lactic acidosis, Low B12, metallic taste |
|
|
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors |
Acarbose/Glucobay Delays glucose absorption *GI effects, ALT and AST NO: DKA, liver cirrhosis |
|
|
Thiazolidinedione |
Pioglitazone (Actos), Rosiglitazone (Avandia) Increase insulin sensitivity Stimulate glucose storage Decrease hepatic glucose With or without food *Stroke, heart failure, increased cholesterol (liver monitoring) |
|
|
Meglitinides |
Repaglinide (Gluconorm), Nateglinide Stimulate pancreas to produce insulin NO: antifungals, NSAIDs, anti-seizure meds |
|
|
Hypoglycemic Emergency |
Less than 2.7-3.3mmol/L 50% Dextrose, Glucagon |
|
|
Anti-Thyroid Agent |
Radioactive Iodine/Lugol's Solution Prep for thyroidectomy PREG D *Increase K+, cardiac arrhythmia, bleeding, iodism (metallic taste, stomatitis, lesions, cold symptoms, GI upset) |
|
|
Anti-Thyroid |
Methimazole, Propylthiouracil (PTU) For hyperthyroid PREG D *Agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity 2 weeks to work, monitor WBCs amd liver enzymes |
|
|
Corticosteroids |
-sone NO: Cataracts, glaucoma, systemic infection, psychiatric issues *Osteoporosis, adrenal suppression (give in am), GI upset Give with milk or food |
|
|
Mineralcorticoids |
Same as glucocorticoids Fludrocortisone (Florinef) Na balance and BP in Addison's |
|
|
Thyroid Preparations |
Hormone - Levothyroxine Sodium (Eltoxin, Synthroid) Hypothryoidism NO: Recent MI, adrenal problems Empty stomach in the am |
|
|
Glucocorticoid actions (4) |
Anti-inflammatory Carb, fat and protein metabolism BP maintenance Stress Effects |
|
|
Glucocorticoid deficiency |
Low Na and K+ |
|
|
Pneumonia Tx |
Bacterial - Abx Viral - Symptom Management Fungus - Antifungals |
|
|
Pneumonia Tx in Healthy Patients |
<60 years old No Comorbidities Macrolide |
|
|
Pneumonia Tx with Comorbidities |
>60 years COPD, Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Failure Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Other Pneumonia Abx |
Cephalosporins Sulfonamide Penicillin Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides |
|
|
MRSA Locations |
Skin Cardiopulmonary Musculoskeletal CNS GI |
|
|
Tx for Urinary Retention |
None - find cause |
|
|
Hemophilia Tx |
Factor VIII Recombinant DNA |
|
|
Angina Tx |
Nitrates B-Blockers Ca Channel Blockers |
|
|
MV Prolapse/Regurg |
Ace Inhibitors Angiotension II receptor blockers Digoxin Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors |
|
|
MV Stenosis |
R/t rheumatic endocarditis Penicillin |
|
|
Pericarditis |
Idiopathic, viral infection NSAIDs |
|
|
Tachycardia Tx |
B-Blockers Ca Channel Blockers ACE Inhibitors Na Channel Blockers K+ Channel Blockers |
|
|
Hypertension Tx |
Diuretics Ca Channel Blockers ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blockers B-Blockers |
|
|
Meds that cause Pruritis |
Penicillin Cephalosporin Macrolides Sulphonamides Anti-TB |
|
|
Medications that cause acne |
Steroids Lithium Birth Control Isoniazid (INH) Phenytoin/Dilantin |
|
|
Acne-Medications |
Anti-Acne Isotretinoin Tetracyclines |
|
|
Impetigo Eczema |
Abx or antivirals IgE response |
|
|
Treat MRSA |
Glycopeptide (Vancomycin) Oxazolidinones (linezolid) |
|
|
Treat VRE |
Oxazolidinones (linezolid) Penicillin Aminoglycosides |
|
|
C Diff Tx |
Gycopeptide (vancomycin) Nitromidazole (metronidazole) |
|
|
C diff causes |
Recent use of: Fluoroquinolones Penicillin Cephalosporin Macrolide Tetracycline |
