Pharmacology Exam 1 Drugs

Front 1

Bethanechol

Back 1

[BATHROOM - ACHOL)

- direct cholinergic

- Increase urination

Front 2

Carbachol

Back 2

- direct cholinergic

- constrict pupils (glaucoma)

Front 3

Pilocarpine

Back 3

[pilo-CHOL-pine] [pillow - cry w/ EYES]

- direct cholinergic

- increase salvation

- constrict pupils

Front 4

donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

Back 4

[i - DON-t - remember- CHOL]

[i - DON't - MIN-e - GALA-thru - CHOL - RIVer]

- indirect cholinergic

- tx azheimer

Front 5

physo-STIGMINE

Back 5

indirect cholinergic

- increase urination

Front 6

Edrophonium

Neostigmine

Back 6

[EDucate -CHOL- via PHONE - about NEW-SIG]

- indirect cholinergic

- eDrophone - dx myasthenia gravis

- new start - tx myasthenia

Front 7

Adverse effects of CHOLinergic drugs

Back 7

[increase SLUD + nausea]

1. S- too much sweat

2. L- too much constricting eyes - miosis

3. U - too much pee urgent

4. D - too much poo diarrhea

5. nausea

Front 8

Atropine

Ipratropium

Tiotropium

Back 8

[don't like the CHOLd - go to TROPics]

- antimuscarinic (anti-chol)

Front 9

Scopolamine

w/morphine?

Back 9

[SCOPe out the TROPics]

- antimuscarinic (anti-chol)

- tx nausea

- produce amnesia and sedation

Front 10

Nicotine

therapy use?

Back 10

[Not-CHOL-tine]

- ANTICHOLINERGIC

- ganglionic blocker of ACH

- no therapeutic use

Front 11

Atracurium

Cisatracurium

Pancuronium

Rocuronium

Vecuronium

Succinylcholine

Back 11

[CURonIUM - blocks muscle movement]

- ANTICHOLINERGIC

- neuromuscular blockers

Front 12

Atropine therapeutic uses (4)

Back 12

[atropine - g.I + eyeS + Secretions + poison]

- antimuscarinic/ anti-chol

- calms GI / urinary tract

- decrease respiratory secretions

- dilate pupils

- tx organophosphate poisoning

Front 13

Drugs used to treat overactive urinary bladder (6)

- muscarinic blockers/ anti-chol

Back 13

1. OXYBUTYNIN

2. soliFENACIN

3. dariFENACIN

4. fesoterodine

5. tolterodine

6. trospium

Front 14

Drugs used to dilate pupils (3)

- muscarinic blockers/ anti-chol

Back 14

[dilate eyes of CYCLO -cane in TROPICAna]

1. Atropine

2. Cyclopentolate

3. Tropicamide

Front 15

Drugs used to tx Parkinson (2)

- muscarinic blockers/ anti-chol

Back 15

[ PARK your BENZ in 3 Huge spots]

1. Benztropine

2. Trihexyphenidyl

Front 16

Anticholinergic Side Effects

Back 16

[anti-chol - ANTI - SLUD +anti-sun CLOUDY]

1. brain - memory problems, hallucinations, drowsiness, sedation

2. L - eyes - dilate huge eye causing blurred vision

3. S - mouth - dry

4. UD - hard to pee/poop

Front 17

Adrenergic receptors (2) + binding molecules (3)

- order of affinity

Back 17

[ Epi always higher than NE]

1. alpha - epi/ NE/ isoproterenol

2. beta - isoprotenerol/ epi / NE

Front 18

Adrenergic beta receptor types

- on which organs

Back 18

1. Beta 1 - heart + kidneys {2 kidneys form 1 heart]

2. Beta 2 - vascular + bronchial smooth muscle + 1/2 liver (w/alpha 1)

Front 19

Beta 1 receptors on what organs (2)?

- what receptor opposes on that organ?

Back 19

1. Heart - cholinergic receptors

2. Kidneys - alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Front 20

Beta 2 receptors on what organs? (3)

- what receptor opposes on that organ

Back 20

1. Bronchial smooth muscle - cholinergic

2. Vascular smooth muscle - alpha receptors

3. Liver - none

Front 21

Epinephrine

1. classification

2. Receptor

3. Therapy uses (3)

Back 21

[EPI - AA - ALL - Asthma/ Ana/ Anes]

1. Adrenergic agonist

2. A1, A2, B1, B2

3. asthma, anaphylactic shock, stop anesthesia

Front 22

Norepinephrine

1. classification

2. Receptor

3. Therapy use

Back 22

[ NE- not quite epi - AA - minus 1 - just shock]

1. Adrenergic agonist

2. A1, A2, B1

3. shock

Front 23

Isoproterenol

1. Classification

2. receptor

3. therapy use

Back 23

[isoproterenol - just Bs- just heart]

1. adrenergic agonist

2. B1, B2

3. Cardiac stimulent

Front 24

Dopamine

1. Classification

2. Receptor

3. Therapy uses (3)

Back 24

[Dopa - 1's - shock/BP/CHF)

1. adrenergic agonist

2. A1, B1

3. shock, raise BP, congestive heart failure

Front 25

Dobutamine

1. classification

2. receptor

3. therapy use

Back 25

[doBUT - 1B - AHF)

1. adrenergic agonist

2. b1

3. acute heart failure

Front 26

phenylephrine

Back 26

- nasal decongestant

- raise BP

- tx paroxysmal SVTs

Front 27

Methoxamine

Back 27

tx SVT

Front 28

Clonidine

Back 28

TX hypertension

Front 29

Albuterol/ terbutaline

Salmeterol/ Formoterol

Back 29

TX bronchospasms (short)

long

- beta 2 receptors

Front 30

Amphetamine

Back 30

- ADHD

- narcolepsy

- appetite control

Front 31

Ephedrine

Pseudoephedrine

Back 31

- nasal decongestant

- raise BP

Front 32

Adverse effects of Adrenergic Agonists (6)

Back 32

[too excited/ too much motion]

- arrhythmias (excited heart)

- headache (too much brain activity)

- hyperactivity

- tremors

- insomnia (too excited to sleep)

- nausea

Front 33

Orthostatic hypOtensive response

- caused by what drug class

- 3 drugs?

Back 33

[zo-SIN - PRAY - on knees]

First dose syncope

- A1 Anti- adrenergic

- PRAY - zosin, tamsulOZIN, alfuzOZIN

Front 34

Propranolol

1. classification

2. receptor

3. therapy use

Back 34

1. Anti - adrenergic

2. B1, B2

3. Hyper tension/thyroid

Pain chest/head

MI

Front 35

Acebut -olol

Aten- olol

Esm-olol

Metopr-olol

Back 35

B1 Anti-adrenergic - Hypertension

Front 36

Carvedilol

Labetalol

Back 36

[LOL - CARVE-LAB = HTN + CHF)

1. A1, B1, B2

2 Hypertension + CHF

3. Anti-adrenergic

Front 37

Timolol

Back 37

1. Anti-adrenergic

2. Glaucoma + HTN

Front 38

Side effects of Alpha blockers ( 4)

Back 38

[A-blocker- can't stand sex with high HR when dizzy]

1. ortho static hypOtension

2. vertigo

3. Sex dysfunction

4. increase HR

Front 39

Side effects of Beta blockers (4)

Back 39

[B - blockers - BaBies - after sex, cant breath, beat right, and tired]

1. Fatigue

2. Sex dysfunction

3. Arrythmias

4. Broncho-constriction

Front 40

Pain felt secondary to tissue injury

Back 40

Nociceptive pain

- very subjective

Front 41

Acute or repeat injury to the peripheral nerve causing spontaneous afferent activity

- sharp shooting sensations along nerve distribution

- treatment?

- does not respond well to

Back 41

Neurogenic/ neuropathic pain

- NMDA antagonist, A2 agonist, anticonvulsants, SRNI's, TCA

- does NOT respond to OPIATES

Front 42

If patient has severe pain for 3 months what is pain called?

- treatment

Back 42

Severe/ Chronic Malignant/Nonmalignant pain

- opioids

Front 43

loss of the ability to feel pain caused by drug or other other medical intervention; eliminate sensation

Back 43

Anesthesia

Front 44

"Pain - killers" used to minimize or reduce pain

Back 44

analgesia

Front 45

Opiate (natural) / Opioid Side effects

Back 45

1. Analgesia

2. Sedation/ euphoria

3. Respiratory depression

4. anti- cough

5. NV

6. constipation

-

Front 46

Morphine side effect

Back 46

1. Increase CSF pressure

2. Pruritis (itchy skin)

Front 47

Only drug that is metabolized in liver (CYP450) and excreted in feces

- what is it used to treat?

Back 47

methadone

- heroine addicts

Front 48

Overdose of RX causes bluish tinged skin, lips, or fingernails, difficulty breathing, muscle weakness

Back 48

Oxymorphone

Front 49

RX used for opiate detox and addiction, less severe than methadone

Back 49

bupre-norphine

[ but - not- morphine]

Front 50

Management of migraine using intranasal spray

Back 50

butorphanol (stadol)

[ migraine dont STAY a doll]

Front 51

Opiate withdraw stage 1 symptoms

-time?

Back 51

drug craving

anxiety

- up to 8 hours

Front 52

Opiate withdraw stage 2 symptoms

- time?

Back 52

[DRAG - MI]

- diaphoresis

- rhinorrhea

- anxiety

- gI disturbances

- mydriasis

- Insomnia

- 8 - 24 hours

Front 53

Opiate withdraw stage 3 symptoms

- time?

Back 53

- N/V/D

- fever/chills

- increase HR/BP

- tremors/ muscle spasms/ seizures

- up to 3 days

Front 54

Drugs to detox opiate addiction? (3)

- rx that rapid reverses opioid effects

- do not use by

Back 54

1. methadone/ buprenorphine/ clonidine

2. naloxone - opioid antagonist

3. during pregnancy

Front 55

Drugs to treat neurogenic pain (2)

Back 55

1. gabapentin (neurontin)

2. pregabalin (lyrica)

Front 56

Progressive shift in type of cells present at the site and simultaneous destruction + healing of tissue

- tissue never really heals

Back 56

Chronic inflammation

Front 57

cardinal signs of inflammation (5)

- slusher bird bonus

Back 57

1. redness

2. heat

3. swelling

4. pain

5. loss of function

(rubor/calor/tumor/dolor)

Front 58

COX 1 inhibitors

Back 58

1. NSAIDS

2. aspirin

Front 59

COX 2 inhibitors

Back 59

1. COX 2 inhibitors

2. NSAIDS

3. aspirin

Front 60

RX that protects stomachs from ulcers common with CHRONIC NSAID use

- black box?

- major side effect

Back 60

misoPROSTol

- abortion

- diarrhea/ cramping

Front 61

RX used to treat open angle glaucoma by increasing uveoscleral outflow

Back 61

[lat-mat- trav-el to cold eye openers]

latano/bimat/travo-PROST

Front 62

RX to treat IBS, chronic constipation by increasing intestinal fluid secretion

- side effects?

Back 62

[LUB - more wet intestine]

lubiPROSTone

- diarrhea/cramping

Front 63

Rx to treat erectile dysfunction / PDA by smooth muscle contration

Back 63

alPROSTadil

Front 64

Rx COX 2 inhibitor

- contraindicated?

Back 64

Celebrex also an NSAID

(less GI bleeding, less indigestion, no platelet)

-DO NOT GIVE WITH SULFA ALLERGY

Front 65

Drug of choice to treat cardiovascular disease; may be the safest NSAID

Back 65

naproxen

Front 66

--- inhibits COX enzymes which decreases prostaglandin synthesis

-- COX2?

Back 66

ALL NSAIDS

- celebrex

Front 67

NSAID side effects

Back 67

[NSAID - CVclots + GIpub+REnAL toxic]

1. CV (clots stop blood) - MI, stroke, thrombosis

2. GI - perforation, ulceration, bleeding

3. Renal - toxic

Front 68

NSAID prototype

- both COX1 and COX2 inhibitor

- major action of inhibition?

Back 68

Aspirin - ASA (acetylsalicylic acid)

- IRREVERSIBLY inactives COX1- thromboxane A2

- imp. dont take 7 days before surgery bc patient will bleed out bc decrease of platelet aggregation

- also decreases vasoconstriction

- also reduces risk of CV events

Front 69

3 actions of NSAIDS

Back 69

antiinflammatory

antipyretic

analgesic

Front 70

Contraindicated for less than 20 years (with viral infection) to prevent REYE syndrome

Back 70

aspirin [Kids stay aREY from aspirin]

Front 71

What does ringing in the ear (tinnitus) indicate for patient (old RA method)

Back 71

- borderline aspirin toxicity

Front 72

NSAID used to close PDA

- avoid when?

Back 72

Ibuprofen

- in third trimester to not affect baby

Front 73

Initial potent NSAID to treat gout

- caution?

- (other drug for gout? )

Back 73

indomethacin (decrease inflammation)

- toxic

(allopurinol - inhibits uric acid synthesis

colchicine, probenecid)

Front 74

Pediatric patient has fever and pain, viral infection or chicken pox, give what?

Back 74

Acetaminophen (APAP) - tylenol

Front 75

acetaminophen category ? for pregnancy

Back 75

B - compatible during lactation

Front 76

Max daily adult dose for tylenol

Back 76

3 grams QD

Front 77

DMARD GOLD/first line standard tx of RA

Back 77

Methotrexate

Front 78

DMARD to treat RA and Lupus

- major side effect?

Back 78

Plaquenil (vitamin P)

-irreversible retinal damage from ocular toxicity

Front 79

Plaquenil causes what major side effect?

Back 79

Irreversible retinal damage from ocular toxicity

[PLAQUENIL -PLAQUE IN EYES= BLINDNESS]

Front 80

Potent anti-inflammatory drugs used to bridge time in RA until other DMARDs take effect

Back 80

Glucocoticoids - prednisolone, medrol

Front 81

Biologic DMARDS

Back 81

- end in -mab (monoclonal antibodies)

- designer drugs - very specific- fast

- injections

- Enbrel, Remicade, Humira

Front 82

Contraindications for biologic DMARDS (3)

Back 82

[BDMARDS - living, strong]

1. Active or suspected infection

2. Live vaccinations

3. other biologic DMARDs

Front 83

COX 1 pathway produces prostoglandins that affect what in body?

Back 83

1. protects gastric mucosa

2. aids in platelet aggregation

Front 84

Most important/ potent cytokine that affects both T-cells and B-cells

Back 84

IL - 2 - (for immunosuppression)

Front 85

Decrease graft organ rejection by using drugs that?

Back 85

-suppress cytokine production which reduces immune response

Front 86

Cyclosporine

1. classification

2. side effects

Back 86

1. selective cytokine inhibitor - calcineurin inhib

2. [4HRT] hyperkalemia, HTN, hyperGUM, hairy, RENAL TOXICITY, tremor, NEPHROTOXICITY

Front 87

AzA -thioprine

1. classification

2. major toxicity

Back 87

[AzA- looks like bone]

1. anti-metabolite

2. major toxicity - bone marrow suppression

Front 88

Steroid Side effects

Back 88

[CUSHINGOID]

cataracts

ulcers

skin thin

htn/hair

infection/immune sup

nec of fem

glucose increase

osteoporosis

impaired wound healing

depression

Front 89

Most frequently used illicit drug

Back 89

cannabis (marijuana - hallucinogen- THC)

- 65%

Front 90

Most frequently abused substance in society

- withdraw?

Back 90

alcohol (ethanol)

- alcoholism is chronic. no cure

- withdraw is LIFE THREATENING

Front 91

Treatment of alcohol use disorder

Back 91

1. disulfiram - makes sick if drink

2. naltrexone - keeps you from drink

3. acamprosate

+ PSYCHOTHERAPY

Front 92

Drug that reverses opioids from receptors, reverses coma, respiratory depression

Back 92

Narcan