Pharmacology Chap 7 Cardiac Drugs

Front 1

What is the most common pre-hospital drug?

Back 1

Oxygen

Front 2

Average room air concentration of oxygen is ____.

Back 2

~21%

Front 3

Exhaled air from the lungs has an ____ oxygen concentration.

Back 3

~16%

Front 4

Reasoning for increasing oxygen in the sick:

Back 4

The normal levels support a health human life, however, the body requires increased levels of oxygen to maintain homeostasis if we are sick or injured, which is the vast majority of why pre-hospital patient require oxygen.

Front 5

Oxygen is transported throughout the body via:

Back 5

hemoglobin.

Front 6

sympathomimetic means

Back 6

That a drug or substance causes a "mimic" or an identical reaction to the actions of the sympathetic nervous system. In other words, these drugs induce fight or flight.

Front 7

Catecholamines

Back 7

A term that is used for a class of drugs that act upon the sympathetic nervous system.

Front 8

Naturally occuring catecholamines include:

Back 8

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, metaraminol, amrinone, and vasopressin.

Front 9

Synthetic catecholamines include:

Back 9

dobutamine and isoproterenol.

Front 10

Catecholamines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) can cause

Back 10

An increase in blood pressure.

Front 11

What are the two receptors of the sympathetic nervous system?

Back 11

adrenergic receptors and dopaminergic receptors

Front 12

List the adrenergic receptors

Back 12

Alpha 1 and 2
Beta 1, and 2

Front 13

Alpha 1 receptors cause

Back 13

peripheral vasoconstriction and some mild bronchoconstriction.

Front 14

Alpha 2 receptors cause

Back 14

inhibitory release of norepinephrine (the neurotransmitter) which can cause an antagonistic effect in alpha 1 and over time can cause peripher vasodilation.

Front 15

Beta 1 receptors can cause

Back 15

increase in cardiac rate, cardiac force, cardiac automaticity and conduction.

Remeber 1 heart 2 lungs

Front 16

Beta 2 receptors can cause

Back 16

vasodilation and bronchodilation.

Front 17

Drugs that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system are referred to as:

Back 17

parasympatholytic or anticholenergics.

Front 18

The primary nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system is the:

Back 18

vagus nerve

Front 19

Stimulation of the vagus nerve cause:

Back 19

release of acetylcholine ACh from the presynaptic nerve endings, this in turn causes stimulation of the the ACh receptors on target organs, which includes the heart, thus decreasing the rate.

Front 20

What overdose causes in excess of ACh causing sever decrease heart rate?

Back 20

organophosphate insecticides

Front 21

What is the window of time allowed to restore ischemic myocardial tissue?

Back 21

6 hours

Front 22

List the different options in tx acute MI

Back 22

angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and fibrinolytic therapy.