Pharmacology Ch 42 And 10 Nutrition Cam

Front 1

Vitamin A

Back 1

Also known as retinol

1. Early sign of deficiency is night blindness
2. Beta-carotene is the most abundant precursor
3. Major contributors of this provitamin are carrots, cantaloupes, sweet potatoes and spinach

Front 2

Vitamin D

Back 2

1. Obtained from dairy products and ultraviolet light
2. Works with Calcium to strengthen bones
3. Too little causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
4. Needed for bone growth and bone remodeling

Front 3

Vitamin E

Back 3

1. Considered a primary antioxidant
2. Generic term for a group of tocopherols and tocotrienols.

3. Found in plant-seed oils, whole-grain cereals, eggs, certain organ meats
4. Topical form may be used to treat dry cracked skin

Front 4

Vitamin K

Back 4

1. Half comes from diet and the other half comes from the intestinal flora.
2. Known as the clotting vitamin
3. Antidote for Coumadin overdose
4. Can be deficient from antibiotic destruction of normal intestinal flora

Front 5

Vitamin B complex
Vitamin B1 ( thiamine)

Back 5

1. Deficiency noted in alcoholics and patients with chronic liver disease
2. Deficiency associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
3. Deficiency may be associated with beri beri
4. Assists in oxidation of carbohydrates

3. Brain damage can occur:
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
can progress to Korsakoff syndrome—more severe form a.k.a. “Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome”.
4. “Banana bag” hung on alcoholic patients to replace nutritional deficiencies

Front 6

Vitamin B2 ( riboflavin)

Back 6

1. Essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates (to produce energy) and amino acids.
2. Helps keep mucous membranes healthy
3. Riboflavin deficiency usually occurs with deficiencies of other B vitamins.
4. S/S off deficiency:
Cheilosis
Sore mouth and tongue
Red, greasy, scaly (seborrheic) patches

Front 7

Vitamin B6

Back 7

1. Exists in 3 chemical forms: pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine
2. Aids in the synthesis of heme
3. People taking birth control pills may be deficient in this
4. Necessary for gluconeogenesis

Front 8

Vitamin B3 ( nicotinic acid and nicotinamide)

Back 8

1. Given to lower cholesterol and triglycerides
2. Deficiency is known as pellagra
3. May be given as nicotinic acid
4. Synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan

Front 9

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)

Back 9

1. Deficiency causes pernicious anemia
2. Important for myelin synthesis
3. Contains the mineral cobalt
4. Only water soluble vitamin that is stored

Front 10

Vitamin C

Back 10

1. Most commonly purchased OTC vitamin
2. Deficiency is called scurvy
3. Important for wound healing
4. May be taken to keep urine acidic

Front 11

Calcium

Back 11

1. Stored in bones an teeth

2. The two main forms:
- carbonate
- citrate.

Front 12

Phosphorus

Back 12

1. Main function is in formation of bones and teeth

2. Important role in utilization of carbohydrates and fats

3. Synthesis of protein for growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues.

4. Crucial for production of atp

5. Assists in contraction of muscles, functioning of kidneys, heart rate regularity and nerve conduction

Front 13

Iron

Back 13

1. Vital for hemoglobin regeneration

2. number one nutritional disorder in the world

3.  ______stores are regulated by intestinal ______ absorption

4.  Antacids and calcium supplements can also reduce ______ absorption.

5. black stool

6. Hemochromatosis
hereditary disorder, too much ____ is absorbed

Front 14

Zinc

Back 14

1. widely distributed in the body.

2. It is a component of more than 100 enzymes, including those involved in the formation of RNA and DNA

3. is necessary for healthy skin, healing of wounds, and growth.
.

Front 15

Magnesium

Back 15

1. Needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body.

2. It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function

3. Keeps heart rhythm regular

4. Supports a healthy immune system

5. Keeps bones and teeth strong

6. Also helps regulate blood sugar levels

7. Promotes normal blood pressure

Front 16

Copper

Back 16

1. Plays a role in development of healthy nerves, bones, collagen, and skin pigment melanin

2. Wilson’s disease
- Inherited disorder causing too much ______ in the body
- Can be fatal

Front 17

Vitamin B9

Back 17

1. Prolonged cooking may destroy this vitamin
2. Pregnancy markedly increases the need for this vitamin
3. Essential for erythropoiesis
4. Needed to make DNA and RNA

Front 18

Herbs

Back 18

plant or plant part valued for its medicinal, savory or aromatic qualities

Front 19

Phytotherapy (herbalism):

Back 19

the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (earliest source of medicine)

Front 20

DSHEA

Back 20

Dietary and Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994

Front 21

Dietary supplement

Back 21

a product that is intended to supplement the diet and contains any of the following dietary ingredients:
1. vitamin
2. mineral
3. herb or other botanical
4. amino acid
5. concentrate, metabolite, constituent,
extract, or combination of any of the above

Front 22

Manufacturers do not have to seek FDA approval before putting dietary supplements on the market!
What can Companies can make claim?

Back 22

1. Need supporting research
2. Can have a disclaimer that the FDA has not evaluated the claim!

Front 23

What is FDA responsible?

Back 23

1. monitoring safety of supplements.
2. After it's on market, FDA can review

Front 24

United States Pharmacopeia

Back 24

Manages the Dietary Supplement Verification Program (DSVP)

Front 25

USP Verified Mark seal:

Back 25

1. Contains correct ingredients
2. Does not have harmful contaminants
3. Will break down and release within a specified time
4. Made according to FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices

Front 26

Some active chemicals are the same as in prescription and OTC medications.
What does that mean?

Back 26

1. May have allergic reactions
2. Contain several chemicals
3. May interact with prescription medication

Front 27

What kind of information nurse needs to get from patients about supplements?

Back 27

Get a list of all the herbal preparations the patient takes!

Assess reason for taking and how it's work for them

Avoid being judgmental!

Front 28

Enteral Nutrition

Back 28

Anything by GI track (mouth, NG tube)
Means of meeting patient’s nutritional needs
Different classifications (different nutrients based on particular diet for particular diagnosis)

Front 29

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Back 29

1. Also known as hyperalimentation
2. Means of supplying nutrition to patients
3. Must monitor glucose levels!
Parenteral= anything other than oral)

Front 30

How TPN given?

Back 30

Through central line, neck, subclavian
Don't give via peripheral/ vein:
Too concentrated with electrolyte- irritable to the vein

Front 31

Vitamins & Minerals Deficiency. How?

Back 31

1. Inadequate absorption
2. Inability to use vitamins
3. Increased vitamin losses
4. Increased vitamin requirements

Front 32

Lipid-Soluble Vitamins

Back 32

(Vitamins A, D, E and K—All Dieters Eat Kilocalories)
- Need fat for absorption
- Stored in liver and adipose tissue

Front 33

hypervitaminosis

Back 33

Excessive intake of lipid-soluble vitamins can lead to dangerously high levels

Front 34

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Back 34

- C, B Complex
- Absorbed with water in digestive tract
- Excreted in the urine—not stored

Front 35

Role of the nurse in regard to vitamins & minerals needs and deficiencies

Back 35

1. Monitor patients condition
2. Provide education
3. Obtain complete history
4. Assess lifestyle and dietary habits