Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
251 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Refers to the study of NATURAL DRUG SOURCES
|
Pharmacognosy
|
|
|
Chemical use to treat and diagnose or prevent disease
|
Drug
|
|
|
Study of drugs and their interactions with the human body
|
Pharacology
|
|
|
This name of the drug is proper and CAPITALIZED
|
Brand Name
|
|
|
Generic Name
|
Suggested by manufacturer and confirmed by US Adopted Name Council
|
|
|
Once dug has FDA official name it is listed where and will have what next to name of drug
|
Pharmocpeia, USP
|
|
|
Pharmacokinetics
|
How drug is absorbed, distributed and eliminated
|
|
|
Empowered FDA to enforce and set market safety standards for drugs
|
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938
|
|
|
Durham-Humphrey Amendments of 1951
|
Required pharmacists to have a written or verbal prescription to dispense Med
|
|
|
Most recent major Federal Legislation affecting drug sales and use
|
Comprehensive Drug Abuse, Prevention, and Control Act (aka Contolled substance Act) of 1970
|
|
|
High abuse Potential; may lead to sever dependence; no accepted medical indications; used for researh and analysis and instruction only
|
Schedule I (LSD, Crystal Meth, HeroinO)
|
|
|
High potential for abuse; may lead to physical dependence; has accepted medical indications
|
Schedule II (opiods, cocaine, morphine, codiene, oxycodone, methadone)
|
|
|
Less potential for abuse; may lead to moderate or low dependence; high psychological dependence; accepted medical indications
|
Schedule III ( limited opoid amounts or combined with non controlled substances, T3, Vicodin
|
|
|
Low abuse rate; limited psychological and/or physical dependence; accepted medical indications
|
Schedule IV ( Diazepam, Phenobarb, Lorazepam)
|
|
|
Very Low abuse rate; may lead to limited physical or psycological dependence, accepted medical indications
|
Schedule V ( Limited opoids, often for cough or diarrhea, Robitussin with codiene)
|
|
|
Test that determines amount and purity of a given chemical in a preparation in a lab
|
Assay
|
|
|
Bioequivlence
|
Relative therapuetic effectiveness of chemically equivlent drugs
|
|
|
Bioassy
|
Test to ascertain a drugs availability in a biological model
|
|
|
Six rights of medication administration
|
Person, Time, Medication, Dose, Route, Documentation
|
|
|
Proportion of a drug available in the body to cause deired or undesired effects
|
Free Drug Availability
|
|
|
Pharmacodynamics
|
How a drug interacts with the body
|
|
|
Requires use of energy to transport
|
Active transport
|
|
|
Facilitated Diffusion
|
Carrier protiens transport large molecules across the cell memberane
|
|
|
Passive Diffusion
|
Doesn't require energy to transport
|
|
|
Diffusion
|
movement of solute in a solution form are of high to area of low concentration
|
|
|
Movement of solvent in solution from area of low to area of higher concentration
|
Osmosis
|
|
|
Filtration
|
Movement of molecules across a membrane from are of higher to area or lower pressure
|
|
|
To become electrically charge
|
Ionize
|
|
|
Pharmacokinetic Processes
|
Absorption, Distribution, Biotransformation, Elimination
|
|
|
Amount of drug that is still available after reaching target tissue
|
Bioavailability
|
|
|
Tight junctions of the capillary endothelial cells in CNS, which non-protein-bound highly lipid souable drugs can pass
|
Blood-Brain Carrier
|
|
|
Biochemical barrier that the maternal/fetal interface that restricts certain molecules
|
Placental Barrier
|
|
|
Known as the metabolism of Drugs
|
Biotransformation
|
|
|
Prodrug (parent Drug)
|
Medication that is not active when administered but whose biotransformation converts it into active metabolites
|
|
|
Hydrolysis
|
Breakage of a chemical bond by adding water
|
|
|
Oral
|
P.O. Throught the mouth. Drug must be able to tolerate the acidic gastric enviornment
|
|
|
Orogastric/nasogastric
|
OG/NG used as an oral route for medications when a tube is already in place
|
|
|
Sublingual
|
SL Excellent absorptionfrom sublingual cappilary bed without problems of gastric acidity
|
|
|
Absorption through cheek and gum
|
Buccal
|
|
|
PR
|
Rectal usually used for unconsciouss victims or those who can not tolerate PO or IV
|
|
|
Delivers medications by absorption through the GI tract
|
Enternal Routes
|
|
|
Parenteral Routes
|
delivery of medication outside the GI tract, usually injection into bloodstream
|
|
|
Preferred route of med administration in emergecies
|
IV- Intravenous
|
|
|
Endotrachel
|
ET- Alternative route for med admin in emergencies
|
|
|
IO
|
Intraosseous- Delivers drugs into the medullary space of the bones. Alternative to IV and ET
|
|
|
Umbilical
|
Umbilical artery and Vein can provide alternative to IV admin in newborns
|
|
|
Intramusular
|
IM- Allows slower absorption than IV
|
|
|
SC, SQ, SubQ
|
Subcutaneous- route is slower than IM
|
|
|
Very rapid absorption, is especially useful when adminiter drugs targeting the lungs
|
Inhalation/Nebulizer
|
|
|
Administer to top of skin
|
Topical
|
|
|
Delivering drugs to the mucousa, has expanding role in delivering systemically acting drugs
|
Nasal
|
|
|
Administration of drugs underneath the eyelid
|
Instillation
|
|
|
Adminiters drug to Dermal layers
|
Intradermal
|
|
|
Tinctures
|
Prepared using alcohol extract process
|
|
|
Preparations in which solids do not disolve in solvent, solid will precipate out
|
Suspension
|
|
|
Suspensions with oily substance in solvent
|
Emulsions
|
|
|
Most drugs act by binding to
|
Receptors
|
|
|
Drug that binds to a receptor and causes it to initiate the expected response
|
Agonist
|
|
|
Anatagonist
|
Drug that binds to receptor sites that do not initiate the expected response
|
|
|
Drug that binds to receptors and initiates part of response and blocks others
|
Agonist-antagonist
|
|
|
When one drug binds to receptor and causes expected effect while blocking another drug from triggering same receptor
|
Competitive antagongism
|
|
|
The binding of an antagonist causes a deformity of binding site that prevents an antagonist from fitting and binding
|
Noncompetitive antagonism
|
|
|
Irreversible antagonism
|
Competitive antagonism that permanantly binds with receptor site
|
|
|
Side effect
|
Unintended response
|
|
|
Aka additve effect. Two drugs that have the same effect are given together
|
Summation
|
|
|
Two drugs have same effect but when given increases the sum of the response
|
Synergism
|
|
|
Potentiation
|
One grug that enhance effect of another (i.e Phergan enahnce effects to morphine)
|
|
|
Onset action
|
Time that the drug is give until the minimum effect is aquired
|
|
|
Minimum effective level
|
Minimum level of drug needed to cause an effect
|
|
|
Biologic Half life
|
Time the body takes to clear one half of the drug
|
|
|
Drug that best demos the class's common properties and illustrates its particular characteristics
|
Prototype
|
|
|
Make up of CNS
|
Spinal chord, brain, all nerves that originate and terminate within brain or spinal column
|
|
|
Make up of peripheral Sys.
|
Everything else except brain and spinal column and nerves that start and end in brain and spinal column
|
|
|
Controls voluntary or motor functions
|
Somatic Nervous System
|
|
|
Controls of involuntary functions
|
Autonomic Nervous System
|
|
|
Analgesic, Anticonvulsants, Stimulants, anesthetics, psychotherapy drus are all meds for what system
|
CNS
|
|
|
Analgesic
|
Medication that relieves pain
|
|
|
Analgesia
|
Absence of pain
|
|
|
Anesthetic
|
Absence of ALL sensation
|
|
|
Adjunct medication
|
Enhance effects of other drugs (i.e benzoprines (diazepam (valium), lorazepam (ativan), midazolam (Versed)) antihistamines, and caffine
|
|
|
Three nonopioid medications that have analgesic properties
|
Salicylates (ASA), NSAIDS (Motrin), Para-aminophenol (Tylenol)
|
|
|
Prototype of opoid antagonist
|
Narcan (Naloxone)
|
|
|
Useful in reversing effects of Opoids
|
Opoid antagonist
|
|
|
Neuroleptanesthia
|
Combines decereased sensation of pain with amnesia while person remains conscious
|
|
|
Causes respiratory, CNS, and Cardiovascular depression
|
Anesthetics
|
|
|
State of decreased anxiety and inhibitions
|
Sedation
|
|
|
Hypnosis
|
intigation of sleep
|
|
|
Type of drug used to decrease anxiety, induce amnesia, and assit in sleep
|
Antianxiety and Sedative-hypnotic Drugs
|
|
|
Two main types of Antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic drugs
|
Benzodiazepines and Barbituates
|
|
|
A state of hyperactivity of either a section of the brain or all of the brain
|
Seizure
|
|
|
What is the function of barbituates and benzodiazepines in axiety and Sedative and Hypnotic drugs?
|
Hyperpolarizes the membrane of central nervous system neurons whichdecreases their response to the stimuli
|
|
|
Is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system
|
Gama-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
|
|
|
Where do partial seziures take place?
|
Erupt from a specific focus and described as alterations in consciousness or behavior
|
|
|
Describe generalized seizures?
|
Involves bith hemispheres of the brain and is described in terms of visible motor activity
|
|
|
This is a type of seizure that involves periods of muscle rigidity followed by spasmotic twitching
|
Generalized tonic-clonic
|
|
|
Life threatening condition, charaterized by uninterupted tonic-clonic seizures lasting more than 30 min
|
Sticus Epilepticus
|
|
|
What is the function if anti-seizure drugs?
|
to inhibit the influx of sodium into the cell decreasing the cells ability to depolarize and propergate seizures
|
|
|
In CNS Stimulants these are used to increase the relaxtion of the of exitatory neurotransmitters
|
Amphetamines
|
|
|
This is a type of CNS Stimulant that blocks adenosine receptors
|
Methylxanthines
|
|
|
Drug used to treat mental DYSFUNCTION
|
Psychotherapeutic Medication
|
|
|
Antipsycotic drugs are also known as
|
Neuroleptic
|
|
|
Tricycli Antideressants (TCA)
|
Antidepressants act by blocking the reuptake of norepi and seretonin, extending the duration of their actions
|
|
|
Most wideley prescribed SSRI in US
|
Prozac (fluoxetine)
|
|
|
SSRI stands for
|
Selective Seretonin Reuptake Inhibitors
|
|
|
SSRI's do not effect which drug
|
Dopamine or Norepinephrine
|
|
|
Groups of autonomic nerve cells located outside the CNS
|
Autonomic Ganglia
|
|
|
Chemical messenger that conducts a nervous impulse across a synapse
|
Neurotransmitter
|
|
|
Cholergenic
|
Pertaining to the neurotransmitter ACh
|
|
|
Adrenergic
|
Pertaining to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
|
|
|
What 4 cranial nerves does the parasympathetic system travel through when leaving the brain
|
Ocularmotor nerves (III), Facial Nerves (VII), glosso-phyrangeal (IX), Vagus nerve (X)
|
|
|
What nerves does the parasympathetic nerves form in the sacral segment
|
Pelvic nerves (bladder, sex organs, and terminal portions of the large intestine
|
|
|
Stimulation of parasympathetic Nervous System results in:
|
Pupillary Constriction, secretions by digestive glands, reduction in HR, Bronchoconstriction, increased smooth muscle activity in digestive tract
|
|
|
Parasypathomimetic (Cholergenic)
|
Drugs or substances that cause effects like those of the PNS
|
|
|
Parasypatholytic (Anticholergenic)
|
drugs or substance that blocks or inhibits actions of PNS
|
|
|
Direct acting cholergenics
|
stimulate affects of ACh by directly binding with cholergenic receptors
|
|
|
SLUDGE Stands for
|
Salvation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric motility, Emisis
|
|
|
SLUDGE is the acronym for side effects of what type of drugs?
|
Cholergenics
|
|
|
Indirect-acting cholergenics affect
|
AChE
|
|
|
Drug used to treat MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
|
Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
|
|
|
How does Neostigmine work
|
Blocks the degradation of ACh and help increase muscle stregnth
|
|
|
What is the sole purpose if Irriverible cholinestrase inhibitors
|
Treatment of glucoma
|
|
|
Sympathomimetric (ADRENGERIC)
|
Drug or substance that causes effects loke those of sympathetic nevous system
|
|
|
Sympatholytic (ANTIADRENGERIC)
|
Drug that clocks action of the sympathetic nervous system
|
|
|
Alpha 1 antagonism is fot tx of
|
Hypertension
|
|
|
How does Alpha 1 antagonist work
|
Prevents peripheral vasoconstriction of alpha stimulation, therefore decreases the B/P
|
|
|
Beta 1 primarily used for
|
Cardia Arrest and Hypotension
|
|
|
Function of Beta 1 agonist
|
Increases HR, contractility and conduction
|
|
|
Beta 1 antagonist are primarily used for
|
Control of BP
|
|
|
Primary function of Beta 1 ANTAGONIST
|
Block effects of Beta 1 by decrease HR, contactility, and conduction.
|
|
|
Beta 2 agonist used to treat ?
|
Asthama and other conditions with excessive narrowing of the bronchioles
|
|
|
Function of Beta 2 Agonist
|
Relaxes bronchiole smooth muscles causing bronchodialation, also have uriterine smooth muscle relation
|
|
|
Drugs used to treat and prevent abnormal cardiac rhythms
|
Antidysrythmic Drugs
|
|
|
Antidysrythmics are classified in Vaughn-Williams and Singh Classification System What are the Class:
|
I- Sodium Channel Blockers II- Beta Blockers
III- Potassium Blockers IV- Misc. |
|
|
Class IA drugs include
|
Procanamide Quinidine and Norpace
|
|
|
Class IA function is
|
Slowing Conduction, decrease repolarization rate
|
|
|
Class IB drugs include
|
Lidocaine, Phyentoin (Dilantin), Tocainide, Mexiletine
|
|
|
Function of Class IB
|
Increase repolariztion where as IA DECREASES repolarization
|
|
|
Class IC drug include
|
Flecainide (Tambocor), Propafenone (Rhytmol)
|
|
|
Function of Class IC
|
Decreases Conduction velocity through atria nad ventricles as well as Bundle of His and Perkinjie network
|
|
|
Drugs of Class II (Beta Blockers)
|
Propanalol (Inderal), Acebutolol (Sectral), Esmolol (Brevibloc)
|
|
|
Function of Class II (Beta Blockers)
|
treatment of tachycardiads, Beta 1 is attached to Calcium beta blockes block beta 1 and slow things down
|
|
|
Drugs of Class III (Potassium Channel Blockers)
|
Bretylium (Breytlol) and AMIODERONE (Cordarone)
|
|
|
Function of Potassium Channel Blockers
|
Blocks potassium and slows down repolarization and refractory period
|
|
|
Drugs of Class IV (Calcium Channel Blockers)
|
Verampamil (CALAN), and Diltiazem (Cardiziem)
|
|
|
Function of Calcium channel blockers
|
Affect the heart, decrease SA and AV node automaticity, mainly decreases conductivity
|
|
|
Class V (MISC.)drugs include
|
Adenosine, Digoxin, Magnesium
|
|
|
Function of Diuretics
|
Reduce circulating blood volume by increasing amout of urine output. Reduces PRELOAD of the heart
|
|
|
Calcium Channel blocker that does not affect the Heart
|
Procardia. It acts on vascular smooth muscles or the aterioles
|
|
|
Fibrolytics function
|
act directly on thrombi to break them up
|
|
|
These are mediators released from mast cells upon contact with allergens
|
Leukotrines
|
|
|
These types of drugs stimulate the effects of ACh by directly binding with colinergic receptors
|
Cholerinergics
|
|
|
Cholinergics anatagonists that block the effects of ACh almost exclusivley at muscarinic receptors
|
Muscarinic Cholinergic Antagonist
|
|
|
These block the ACh only at nicotinic receptors
|
Nicotinic ANatagonist
|
|
|
Is produced by competitive antagonism with ACh at nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia
|
Ganglionis Blocking Agents
|
|
|
Produces a state of paraylysis without affecting consciousness
|
Neuromuscular Blocking agents
|
|
|
These receptors cause peripheral vasoconstriction, mild bronchoconstriction, and stimulation of metabolism
|
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
|
|
|
These receptors sereve to prevent over release of norepinephrine in synapse
|
Alpha 2 adrengeric receptors
|
|
|
Theses receptors cause increase in heart rate, cardiac contractile force, and cardiac automaticity and conduction
|
Beta 1 adrenergic receptors
|
|
|
These receptors causes vasodialation and brochodialation
|
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors
|
|
|
These receptors evidently cause dialation of renal ,coronary, and cerebral arteries
|
Dopaminergic Receptors
|
|
|
Medications that stimulate the sympathetic Nervous System
|
Sympathomimetics
|
|
|
Medications that inhibit the sympathetic nervous system
|
Sympathilytics
|
|
|
Primary purpose for medications to stimulate the Alpha 1 receptors is ?
|
Peripheral vasoconstriction
|
|
|
Alpha 1 antagonism is indicated for
|
Contolling Hypertension
|
|
|
Beta 1 stimulation is indicated for
|
Cardia arrest and hypotension resulting from inadequate pumping
|
|
|
Most common use of Beta 1 antagonist
|
Controll B/P
|
|
|
Beside controlling b/p, what are beta 1 antagonist used to treat in emergency settings
|
SVT's anginas and also reduces recurrence od MI
|
|
|
Beta 2 agonists ore used to treat
|
Astham and any other conditions resulting from narrowing of bronchioles
|
|
|
Beta 2 agonist work by
|
relaxing bronichial smooth muscle and causing bronchodialation
|
|
|
The adrenergic Agent catecholamines include what chemicals or drugs
|
Norepinephrine, epinepherine, and dopamine
|
|
|
Synthetic catecholamines include
|
Isoproternol and dobutamine
|
|
|
Beta adrenergic anatagonists are referred to as
|
Beta Blockers
|
|
|
These are used to treat muscle spasms from injusry and muscle spasticity from CNS injuries or diseases
|
Skeletal Muscle relaxants
|
|
|
Calcium is responsible for what action in the heart
|
Muscle COntraction
|
|
|
Drugs used to treat and prevent abnormat cardiac rhythms
|
Antidysrhythmics
|
|
|
These frugs slow the progagation of impulses down the specialized conductive system of atria and ventricles
|
Sodium Channel Blockers
|
|
|
Class Ia Sodum Chanel Blockers include:
|
Quinidine, Procanamide, Disopyrimide
|
|
|
Class Ib Sodium Channel blockers include:
|
Lidocaine, Phenytoin, Tocanide, Mexiletine
|
|
|
Class Ic Sodium Channel Blockers include:
|
Tambocor, Rhythmol
|
|
|
Function of Class Ia Sodium Channel Blockers
|
Slow Conduction and decrease repolarization rate
|
|
|
Function of Class Ib Sodium Channel Blockers include
|
Increasing repolarization rate and reduce automicity in ventricular cells
|
|
|
Function of Class Ic Sodium Channel Blockers include:
|
delay repolarization
|
|
|
Class II Antidysrythmics are
|
Beta Blockers
|
|
|
Class III antidysrythmics are
|
Potassium Channel Blockers
|
|
|
Potassium Channel Blockers are also called what type of medications
|
Antiadrergic Medications
|
|
|
Function of Potassium Channel Blockers
|
Prolong repolarization and effective refractory period
|
|
|
Class IV antidysrthmics are
|
Calcium Channel Blockers/ MISC.
|
|
|
These decrease the SA and AV nodes automaticity, but most of their usefulness arises from decreasing conductivity throught the AV node
|
Calcium Channel Blockers
|
|
|
Is the force of blood against the arteries walls as heart contracts and relaxes
|
Blood Pressure
|
|
|
These types of drug reduce the circulating blood volume by increasing amout of urine
|
Diuertics
|
|
|
Loop Diuretics are primary tool for treating what
|
CHF
|
|
|
Most of the beta blockers are located where?
|
Heart and juxtaglomerular cells of Kidneys
|
|
|
Function of Centrally Acting Adrenergic Inhibitors
|
reduce hypertension by inhibiting the CNS stimulation of adrnergic receptors
|
|
|
Centrally Acting Adrenergic Inhibitors are known as
|
Alpha 2 agonists
|
|
|
Alpha 2 agonists are located where?
|
The presynaptic end terminals
|
|
|
What is it the alpha 2 recpeptors release when stimulated
|
Norepinephrine to counter balance sypathetic stimulation
|
|
|
HEMOstasis
|
The stoppage of bleeding
|
|
|
Antiplatelet drugs are used for
|
decreasing the formation of platelet plugs
|
|
|
The primary antiplatelet drug used is
|
Aspirin
|
|
|
TXA2 is
|
Thromboxane A2
|
|
|
TXA2 causes
|
platlets to aggregate and promoted local vasoconstriction
|
|
|
Aspirins main side effects is
|
Bleeding
|
|
|
Drung that interrupts the clooting cascade
|
Anticoagulant drug
|
|
|
Drug that acts directly through the thrombi to break them down
|
Thrombolitic/Fibrinolytics
|
|
|
Prototype for Fibrinolytics is
|
Streptase
|
|
|
Common fibrinolytic is
|
tPA
|
|
|
Elevated LDL's have been clearly indicated as a causative factor in
|
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
|
|
|
This contains most of the cholesterol in the blood abd are required to transport cholesterol from liver to the peripheral tissue
|
LDL
|
|
|
These carry cholesterol from the peripheral tissuesto the liver, where it is broken down
|
HDL
|
|
|
Antihistamines
|
drugs that arrest histamines by blocking its receptors
|
|
|
Histamines
|
an endogenous substance that affects a wide variety of organs
|
|
|
Antitussive
|
Medication that supresses cough
|
|
|
Expectorant
|
Medication intended to increase producticvity of cough
|
|
|
Mucolytic
|
Medication intended to make musous watery
|
|
|
Chief side effect of antihistaines
|
Sedation
|
|
|
Antihistamines should not be used in patients with?
|
Astham due to the effevt of increased secretions
|
|
|
An imbalance between factors in the gastrointestinal system that increases acidity and those that protect against acidity
|
Peptic ulcer disease
|
|
|
MOst common cause of Peptic Ulcer Disease
|
H. Pylori
|
|
|
these act directly on the Potassium and hysrogen ATPase enzyme that secretes gastric acid
|
Proton Pump Inhibitors
|
|
|
Alkalotic compund used to increase gastric enviornment's pH
|
Antacid
|
|
|
Medication used to decrease stool firmenss and increase water content
|
Laxative
|
|
|
4 catergories of laxatives
|
Bulk Forming, surfactant, stimulant, and osmotic
|
|
|
Citrucel, metamucil are what type of laxative
|
Bulk Forming
|
|
|
Laxative that absorb waters, leading to a softer stool
|
Bulk forming
|
|
|
Substance that decreases surface tension and increases water absorption into feces
|
Surfactant
|
|
|
Bisacodyl, Colace (doucasate Sodium) is what type of laxative
|
Surfactant
|
|
|
Poorly absorbed salts that increase osmotic pull, there by increasing water content
|
osmotic laxatives
|
|
|
Medication used to prevent vomiting
|
Antiemetics
|
|
|
Transmitters involved in vomiting reflex include:
|
Serotonin, sopamin, ACh, Histamine
|
|
|
Effects of serotonin antagonist in vomiting
|
Blocks saratonin inhibitors in CTZ, the stomach, and sm. intestine
|
|
|
What medication is considered a serotonin antagonist for vominting
|
Zofran
|
|
|
Medication for dopamine antagonists for vominitng include
|
Promethazine (phenergan) Compazine, Haldol, reglan
|
|
|
Degenerative disease that effects the optic nerve
|
Glaucoma
|
|
|
Most common types of medications used to treat glaucoma is
|
Beta blockers and cholineregics
|
|
|
Beta blockers are used for the eyes to :
|
reduce IOP (intraoccular pressure)
|
|
|
Cholineregic medication for the eyes do what?
|
stimulate muscurinic receptors and cause MIOSIS (pupil constriction)and ciliary muscle contraction
|
|
|
Dwarfism, abnormal growth, giantism are all conditions of
|
Anterior Pituitary
|
|
|
Sometrem and Somatropin are use to treat?
|
Dwarfism and is a growth hormone
|
|
|
Sandostatin is used for?
|
Giantism
|
|
|
Acromegaly and Giantism are normally cause by?
|
Tumor
|
|
|
2 Posterior pituitary hormones are
|
Oxytocinand antidiuretic
|
|
|
This hormone increases water reabsorption in the renal collecting tubules
|
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
|
|
|
Physiologically, this is the key component in regulating blood volume, bloo pressure and electrolyte balance
|
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
|
|
|
Drug s used for ADH deficiency are
|
Vasopressin, desmopressin, lysepressin
|
|
|
Substance that decreases blood glucose level
|
Insulin
|
|
|
Substance that increases blood glucose level
|
Glucagon
|
|
|
Drugs that affect the male reproductive system
|
Testosterone, Metandren, Halotestin
|
|
|
Benign prstatic Hyperplasia is known as
|
Enlarged Prostate
|
|
|
Treatment of enlarged prostate is
|
Primary, surgery secondary is Proscar interferes with enzyme in prostate growth
|
|
|
How many types of Beta adrenergic receptors are there and where are they located
|
B1- Heart and kidneys, B2- Lungs, GI, Liver, vascualr smooth muscles,uterus, and skeletal muscle B3- Fat Cells
|
|
|
What is ACh and its function?
|
Acetecholine, which is a chemical that allows neurons to communicate with each other
|
