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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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1st degree AV block
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normal dysrhythmia (OK to have)
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2nd degree AV block
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conduction take to long to get there OR there is no conduction at all
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3rd degree AV block
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atria and ventricles beat independently of each other
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Etiologies for dysrhythmias
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- disorder of impulse formation
- disorder of impulse conduction - reentry (combination of both) |
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Causes of dysrhythmias
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age, electrolyte imbalance, genetic predisposition (w/ or w/o caffeine), MI, hypo-/hyper-thermia, ischemia (angina)
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Sodium channel blockers
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Stabilize the membranes and sloe conduction in atria, ventricles and His-Purkinje system
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Beta Andrenergic blocking agents
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- Reduce SA automaticity
- Slow AV conduction - Reduce contractility of A&V |
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Potassium Channel blockers
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Lengthen action potential duration (effects refractory period - lengthens)
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Calcium Channel blockers
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Prolong and depress phases of depolarization
(+ same actions as beta blockers) |
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Cardioversion
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An electric shock that should restore normal heart rhythm in pt who have dysrhythmias
(Used on pt who have a pulse) |
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Defibrillation
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An electric shock that is used to restart the heart (Used on pt with NO pulse)
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Radio-frequency ablation
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A non-surgical procedure to treat rapid heart beats
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Types of Supraventricular dysrhytmias
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Sustained SVT
Atrial flutter Atrial fibrillation |
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Sustained supraventicular tachycardia
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Rapid HB that originates at the ventricles. Potentially life-threatening b/c could lead to v-fib or death
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Treatment for SSVT
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Vagal manuevers - ask pt to bear down or massage the carotids then use drugs
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Atrial flutter
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Abnormal heart rate that stems from the atria. Very rapid heart rate (looks like "saw tooth" on strip)
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Atrial fibrillation
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Most common arrhythmia.Atria are quivering (No P wave on EKG)
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Types of ventricular dysrhythmias
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- Ventricular tachycardia w/pulse
- Ventricular tachycardia w/o pulse |
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Ventricular tachycardia with pulse
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Rapid pulse (over 100). If sustained give pharm agents. Cardioversion first. Doesn't last long (aka. V-Tach)
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Ventricular fibrillation with no pulse
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premature ventricular contractions
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Sodium channel blockers 1A (Quinidine)
actions and adverse effects |
-slow impulse conduction
-decrease myo. excitability -prevents reentry |
GI symptoms
diarrhea tinnitus, blurred vision, dizziness cardiotoxicity hypotension with IV use |
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Sodium channel blockers 1B
(Lidocaine) |
-depress depolarization
-suppresses automaticity -numbs the heart (primarily for ventricular dys. V-tach) Together with epinephrine stop bleeding! |
dysrhythmias, hypotension
dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness |
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Sodium Channel blockers 1C
(Flecainide) |
-decrease conduction
-depress depolarization (used for A-fib) |
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Beta Blockers
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-depresses cardiac action potential
-slows HR -decrease CO |
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Potassium Channel blockers
(Amiodarone) |
-prolongs repolarization
-increases LV ejection fraction (used in life-threatening arrhythmias) |
dizziness, tremor, insomnia
pulmonary toxicity, photophobia, hepatitis |
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Calcium Channel blockers
(Verapmil) |
-slows conduction
-depresses automaticity -depresses contractility -dilates coronary arteries (treat angina, HTN, A-fib or A-tach) NOT for 2nd and 3rd degree heart block |
constipation, nausea
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Adenosine
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endogenous nucleotide
-decreases automaticity -increases refractory period given in 3 doses very fast! |
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Potassium-removing resin
(Kayexalate) |
Used to lower potassium to prevent dys.
(may take several hours) |
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Atropine
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used for bradycardia
-causes HR to increase used pre-op to reduce secretions |
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