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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Gnosis |
acquire knowledge |
اكتساب معلومات |
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Identical |
مطابق |
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Utilizes |
يستخدم |
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Crude |
الخام |
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Storage |
تخزين |
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It includes also |
History (collection and storage) |
Cultivation (Drying and marketing) |
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Undergone |
خضع |
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Pharmacognosy |
is the scientific study of the structural, physical, chemical and sensory characters of crude drugs of vegetable, animal and mineral origin. |
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Extensive |
شامل |
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Mentha |
النعناع |
Entire Mentha and lobelia |
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For example to crude drugs |
Entire Mentha and lobelia |
النعناع الكامل واللوبيه |
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Drying |
التجفيف |
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Sources of crude drugs |
Plant🪴 ,Marine, Mineral and animal |
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Clove |
. قرنفل |
Plant |
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Senna |
شجره القرفه |
Plant |
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Cinchona |
الكينا |
Plant |
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Datura |
الداتوره |
Plant |
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Cochineal |
قرمزي |
🐺 |
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Cantharidin |
🐺 |
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Honey |
العسل🍯 |
🐺 |
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Musk |
🐺 |
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Kieselguhr |
🏅 |
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Kaolin |
الكاولين |
🏅 |
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Talc |
تلك |
🏅🥉🏅🥉🥈 |
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Sponges |
الاسفنج 🧽 |
🦐🦐🐟🐬 |
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Reda algae |
الطحالب الحمراء |
🦐 |
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Agar |
🦐🐟 |
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Galenical |
طبيعيه |
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Semisynthetic |
شبه الاصطناعيه |
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What is a Natural Product |
A natural product is a substance obtained from a natural source. |
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Crude drug |
Sienna,cascara,cinchona,etc |
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Preparation |
تحضير |
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Extracts |
مقتطفات |
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Tinctures |
صبغات |
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Galenical preparation of a crude drug |
Extracts and tinctures |
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Digoxin |
الديجوكسين |
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Pure compound |
Morphine,atropine,digoxin, etc |
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Semisynthetic product |
Etoposide,teniposide,hyoscine butyl bromide etc.. |
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Wide range |
مدي واسع |
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Drugs for the treatment diseases |
Morphine, atropine, digoxin, hormones,antibiotics |
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Suspending |
موقوف عن العمل |
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Emulsifying |
مستحلب |
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Binders |
المجلدات |
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Recipients |
سواغ |
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Sweetening |
تحليه |
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Pharm. aids in pharm. industry |
suspending & emulsifying agents, suppository bases, binders, excipients, sweetening & colouring agents, etc.. |
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Flavoring |
المنكه |
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Agents |
وكلاء |
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In cosmetics |
flavouring & colouring agents, etc. |
مواد التجميل |
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Propagation |
نشر |
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In culture media for the propagation of M.O. |
in microbiology laboratories & biotechnology |
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Culture media |
وسائل الإعلام الثقافيه |
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Powder |
المسحوق |
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Indicators |
مؤشرات |
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Perfumery |
العطور |
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General uses |
food industries: as dusting powders, as indicators and in perfumery. |
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Packing |
التعبئة |
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Fracture |
كسر |
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Odours |
رائحة |
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Identification |
الهويه |
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Fundamental |
الأساسية |
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Constituents |
المكونه |
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Chemical identity of the drug based on |
The nature of constituents |
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Substituents |
البدائل |
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Cost |
التكلفة |
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Purification |
طهاره |
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Folk |
قوم |
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Folk medicine |
الطب الشعبي |
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Monograph |
دراسه |
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Materia |
مواد |
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Herbs |
اعشاب |
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Standardization |
التوحيد |
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Commission |
لجنه |
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Generally covered |
تغطيه عامه |
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Bears |
تحمل |
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Somewhat |
قليلا |
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Deficient |
ناقص |
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Crude drug |
They are natural substances that derived from vegetable, animal and mineral origin before they have undergone extensive processing (only collection and drying) |
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Origin |
الاصل |
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Origin including |
Biological and geographical sources a knowledge of the history and name of the drug. |
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Cultivation and preparation: |
methods of collection, drying, packing |
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Dimensions |
ابعاد |
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Characters including |
the physical characters such as dimensionssurface characters, fracture and the sensory characters such as colour, odour and taste. The histological characters which help in the identification of the drug in powdered form, are of fundamental importance. |
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Adulterants |
الزناه |
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Isolation |
عزل |
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For detailed description of each individual drug the following points are to be considered |
1- origin 2- cultivation and preparation 3- characters 4- constituents 5- tests 6- adulterants and substituents 7- isolation and purification of the active constituents 8- evaluation 9- uses |
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Purity |
نقاء |
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References |
المراجع |
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Efficacy |
فعاليه |
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Listed |
مدرجه |
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Definite |
واضح |
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Therapeutic |
علاجي |
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Recognized |
معروف |
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Morphological |
شكليه |
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Potency |
الفاعليه |
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Yielding |
العائد |
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Utilization |
استغلال |
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Volatile |
متطايره |
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Carminative |
طارد للريح |
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Pharmaceutical |
الادويه |
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Soap |
صابون |
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Paste |
معجون |
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Citrus |
الحمضيات |
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Several |
العديد من |
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Seeds |
بذور |
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Linseed |
بذر الكتان |
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Sunflower |
دوار الشمس |
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Corn |
حبوب ذره |
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Atherosclerosis |
تصلب الشرايين |
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Olive |
زيتون |
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Sessame |
سمسم |
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Condiments |
بهارات |
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Spices |
توابل |
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Coriander |
كسبرة |
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Cumin |
كمون |
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Anise |
يانسون |
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Peppermint |
Mantha |
نعناع |
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Fenugreek |
نبات الحلبه |
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Starches |
مشويات |
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Insecticidal |
Pesticide |
مبيد حشري |
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Red squill |
بصل احمر |
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Rodenticide |
مبيد القوارض |
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Certain |
تأكيد |
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Alphabetical |
مرتبه حسب الابجدية |
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Vernacular |
العاميه |
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Interrelationships |
العلاقات المتبادلة |
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Texonomical |
تصنيفي |
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Classes |
طبقات |
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Phyla |
الشعب |
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Genera |
الاجناس |
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Species |
محيط |
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Families |
العائلات |
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Morphological |
شكليه |
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Organisms |
الكائنات الحية |
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Rhizomes |
Roots |
الجذور |
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Dried |
مجففه |
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Lattices |
المشابك |
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Gums |
اللثه |
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Resins |
الراتنجات |
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Waxes |
الشموع |
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Grouping |
التجمع |
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Pathways |
المسارات |
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Classification of Medicinal plants |
I Alphabetical II Texonomical III Morphological IV Pharmacological or therapeutic V Chemical or Biogenetic |
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Zoological origin |
علم الحيوان ( حيواني) |
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Proper |
مناسب |
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Precise |
دقيق |
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Binomial |
ذات الحدين |
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Swedish |
السويديه |
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The binomial system was founded by the Swedish biologist ........ |
Linnaeus |
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Denotes |
يدل |
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Botanist |
عالم نبات |
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Explorer |
مستكشف |
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Botany |
علم النبات |
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Defining |
Definition |
تعريف |
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Variety |
تشكيله |
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Striking |
ملفت للنظر |
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Serrat |
Margin |
حافه |
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Brosma serratifolia |
بروسما سيراتيفوليا |
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Pointed |
يشير الي |
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Leaflets |
منشورات |
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Sharp |
حاد |
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Cassia acutifolia |
كاسيا أكوتيفوليا |
sharp pointed leaflets (منشورات مدربه حاده) |
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maculate |
Spotted |
البقعه |
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Spotted |
مراقب |
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Organized |
منظم |
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Father of medicine |
Hippocrates |
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The book "Historia plantarum" |
Theophrastus |
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The book "De Materia medica" |
Dioscorides |
Base of pharmacognosy |
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Preservation |
الحفظ |
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Adulteration |
الغش |
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wrote about 20 books |
Galen |
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Caliphs |
الخلفاء |
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Was one of the greatest alchemists and his father was a druggist |
Jabber ibn Hayyan |
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the Father of Arabian Medicine |
Hunayn ibn Ishaq |
He translated many of the works of Hippocrates and Galen |
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Comprehensive |
شامل |
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Comprehensive Book |
AlRazi |
Secret of Secret |
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the Royal Book |
Ali ibn Abbas |
He was a physician |
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Prince of Physician |
Ibn Sina |
the Cannon in medicine and crude drugs. القانون في الطب |
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Cannon |
مدفع |
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His book on toxin and antitoxin |
Ibn zuhr |
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General Rules of Medicine |
Ibn Rushd |
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a Medico );botanical encyclopedia |
Ibn Al Baitar |
described more than 1800 drugs |
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El-TazKara or Tazkarat Dawude |
Dawude El-Antaki |
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Naming and classifying plants |
Linnaeus |
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Manufacture |
صناعة |
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Evaluation |
تقييم |
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Encyclopedia |
موسوعه |
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Botanical |
نباتي |
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