Pharma- Endo

Front 1

Three forms of rapid acting insulin

Back 1

Lispro (Humulog)
Aspart
Regular

Front 2

Intermediate acting insulin

Back 2

NPH

Front 3

2 forms of long-acting insulin

Back 3

Glargine (Lantus)
Determir

Front 4

Insulin uses beyond DM

Back 4

Life-threatening hyperkalemia
Stress-induced hyperglycemia
Gestational diabetes

Front 5

2 insulin toxicities

Back 5

Hypoglycemia

Hypersensitivity reaction (very rare)

Front 6

Why shouldn't you use non-selective beta blockers in DM, and what should you use instead?

Back 6

Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

Selective beta-1 blockers

Front 7

Mechanism of sulfonylureas

Back 7

Close K_ channel in beta cell membrane --> depolarization --> triggers insulin release

Front 8

Why can't sulfonylureas be used in T1DM?

Back 8

Stimulates endogenous release: requires some islet function

Front 9

3 2nd generation sulfonylureas?

Back 9

Glyburide
Glimepiride
Glipizide

(1st generation: tolbutamide, chlorpropamide)

Front 10

Toxicity of 2nd generation sulfonylureas?

Back 10

Hypoglycemia

(1st generation caused disulfiram-like effects)

Front 11

Name the biguanide

Back 11

Metformin

Front 12

Effects of metformin

Back 12

Decreased gluconeogenesis
Increased glycolysis
Increased peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity)

Front 13

Which oral hypoglycemic can be used in patients without islet function?

Back 13

Metformin

Front 14

Patients on metformin must be monitored annually with what test?

Back 14

Creatinine

Front 15

Metformin toxicity?

Back 15

Lactic acidosis

Front 16

Metformin is contraindicated in these pts

Back 16

Renal failure, Cr >1.4

Front 17

Name the 6 classes of oral hypoglycemics

Back 17

Sulonylureas
Biguanides
Glitazones/ thiazolidinediones
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Mimetics
GLP-1 analogs

Front 18

Mechanism of glitazones/ thiazolidinediones

Back 18

Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue; binds PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regular

Front 19

Two types of glitazones

Back 19

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

Front 20

Three toxicities of glitazones

Back 20

Weight gain/ edema (can exacerbate CHF)
Hepatotoxicity
CV toxicity

Front 21

Glitazones are also used to treat these 3 diseases

Back 21

Metabolic syndrome
NASH
PCOD

Front 22

Two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Back 22

Acarbose
Miglitol

Front 23

Mechanism of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Back 23

Inhibit intestinal brush-border alpha glucosidases --> delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption --> decreased postprandial hyperglycemia

Front 24

Toxicity of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Back 24

GI disturbances

Front 25

Mimetic

Back 25

Pramlintide (amylin analogue)

Front 26

Mechanism of pramlintide

Back 26

Inhibits secretion of glucagon

Front 27

Side effects of pramlintide

Back 27

Hypoglycemia
Nausea, diarrhea

Front 28

GLP-1 analog

Back 28

Exenatide

Front 29

Mechanism of exenatide

Back 29

Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release

Front 30

Side effects of exenatide

Back 30

N/V
Pancreatitis

Front 31

Two drugs used for hyperthyroidism

Back 31

Propylthiouracil
Methimazole

Front 32

2 mechanisms of drugs for hyperthyroidism

Back 32

Inhibit organification of iodide
Inhibit coupling of MIT and DIT in thyroid hormone synthesis

Front 33

Which drug also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, propylthiouracil or methimazole?

Back 33

Propylthiouracil (beta blockers do as well)

Front 34

Enzyme responsible for oxidation and organification of iodide + coupling of MIT and DIT

Back 34

Peroxidase

Front 35

3 toxicities of propylthiouracil and methimazole

Back 35

Skin rash
Agranulocytosis
Aplastic anemia
(PTU can also cause hepatotoxicity)

Front 36

Which drug is a possible teratogen, propylthiouracil or methimazole?

Back 36

Methimazole

Front 37

2 drugs for hypothyroidism (thyroxine replacement)

Back 37

Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine

Front 38

Use of synthetic thyroxine, besides hypothyroidism

Back 38

Myxedema

Front 39

4 toxicities of levothyroxine and triiodothyronine

Back 39

Tachycardia
Heat intolerance
Tremors
Arrhythmias

Front 40

Drug for Turner Syndrome

Back 40

GH

Front 41

Another name for somatostatin

Back 41

Octreotide

Front 42

Rx for acromegaly?

Back 42

Somatostatin

Front 43

Rx for carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, or VIPoma

Back 43

Somatostatin

Front 44

4 effects of oxytocin

Back 44

Stimulates labor
Uterine contractions
Milk let-down
Controls uterine hemorrhage

Front 45

Synthetic ADH

Back 45

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Front 46

Clinical use of desmopressin

Back 46

Pituitary (central, not nephrogenic) DI

Front 47

Two other uses of DDAVP

Back 47

Von Willebrand's disease
Enuresis

Front 48

Demeclocycline is a ____ antagonist

Back 48

ADH

Front 49

Clinical use of demeclocycline

Back 49

SIADH

Front 50

3 toxicities of demeclocycline

Back 50

Nephrogenic DI
Photosensitivity
Abnormalities of bone and teeth
(is a tetracycline)

Front 51

5 glucocorticoids

Back 51

Hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone

Front 52

Glucocorticoids decrease the production of ____ and ____ by inhibiting ____ and expression of _____

Back 52

Leukotrienes and prostaglandins
Phospholipase A2
COX-2

Front 53

Rx for Addison's disease

Back 53

Glucocorticoids

Front 54

Endrocrine toxicity of glucocorticoids

Back 54

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome

Front 55

Stopping glucocorticoids after chronic use can cause

Back 55

Adrenal insufficiency

Front 56

Why should acetaminophen be used in place of aspirin or ibuprofen in patients with thyroid problems?

Back 56

Aspirin/ ibuprofen can displace thyroid hormone from binding proteins