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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dose
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changes can cause different response even with a single administration.
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frequency
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can maintain level desired over long period of time, or can cause level to increase or decrease even if using same dose.
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route of administration
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I.V. vs. oral
A major differenceis seen in time of onset. |
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dose
frequency route of administration |
What are the factors affecting degree of depression?
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General anesthesia
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a drug which causes loss of conciousness (not arousable)
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analgesia
-marcotics, ketamine used loss of conciousness as well as amnesia - gases, nitrous oxide muscle relaxation - curare used as an adjunct |
What are the goals of anesthesia.
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analgesia
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particularly upon emergence from anesthesia.
narcotics, ketamines used |
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true
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No one drug meets all of the three goals of anesthesia.
true or false? |
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inhalation
intravenous |
What are the two different types of general anesthetics?
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Inhalation anesthetics
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administered by inhalation
Response upon administration- work too rapidly to see all stages that are there Wish to see (and do): -loss of conciousness -amnesia |
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toxic effects for Inhalation anesthetics
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-depress respiration, lower BP, and decrease HR
-arrythmias (especially in presence of adrenergic agents) - nausea and vomiting - postoperatively |
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malignant hyperthermia
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What is the "caution" for taking inhalation anesthetics?
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Intravenous anesthetics
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liquids
Thiopental (a barbituarte) - causes greater sensitivity to pain usually give analgesic (narcotic) as well. |
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Thiopental
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causes greater sensitivity to pain usually give analgesic (narcotic) as well.
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Responses upon administration of thiopental (intravenous anesthetic)
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loss of conciousness
quick onset (works in seconds) |
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Toxic of thiopental
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- depress respiration, lower BP, decrease HR
increased sensitivity to pain nausea and vomiting- postoperatively |
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Ketamine
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What intravenous anesthetic is not a depressant, but is related PCP?
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Thiopental
Ketamine |
What are the two drugs that are intravenous anesthetics?
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ketamine
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no depress respiration, may even increase respiration and HR - acts as a stimulant.
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ketamine
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causes analgesia without loss of conciousness at low dose.
what drug? |
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ketamine
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loss of conciousness at higher dose, no skeletal muscle relaxation
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Toxic of ketamine
(intravenous anesthetics) |
upon emergence from loss of conciousness -- nightmares, hallucinations, frightening experiences
used in children (accept nightmares) and for minor manipulations (i.e. remove burn dressings) |
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Non-psychotropic
psychotropic |
What are the categories that selectively modify CNS function?
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Non-psychotropic
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Epilepsy
Parkinsonism Pain and Arthritis |
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psychotropic
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Depression
Anxiety Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder |
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Epilepsy
Parkinsonism Pain and Arthritis |
What are the drugs that are Non-psychotropic?
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Depression
Anxiety Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder |
What do the psychotropic drugs treat?
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