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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins? |
COX enzyme |
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What does COX1 do? |
Protects GI lining, blood platelets |
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What does COX1 enzyme do? |
Triggers inflammation |
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NSAIDS action |
Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins |
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What do NSAIDS do to the body? |
Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, inhibit platelet aggregation |
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What are NSAIDS not reccomended for? |
Relief of headaches and pain |
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What is the difference between the two generations of NSAIDS? |
One: is OTC. Two: is prescription |
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What is Aprin's action? |
Inhibits prostaglandin formation |
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What does asprin do to the body? |
Antiplatelet, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory |
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What are asprin's lab interactions? |
Increase PTT, INR, uric acid. Decrease potassium, T3 and T4, cholesterol |
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What foods contain salicylates. |
Prunes, raisins, licorice, spices |
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What should be avoided in pregnancy? |
NSAIDS |
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What are the side effects of asprin (and NSAIDS)? |
Tinnitus, dizzy, drowsy, GI distress, PEPTIC ULCERS, HEPATOTOXICITY |
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Ketorolac is what kind of drug? |
NSAID-- Phenylacetic acid derivitive |
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What do Phenylacetic acid inhibitors do? |
Inhibit prostaglandins synthesis |
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What NSAID can be combined with morphine? |
Phenylacetic acids-- ketorolac |
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What type of drug is ibuprophen? |
NSAID, propionic acid inhibitor |
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Should someone take asprin and ibuprophen? |
No, decreases effects of drugs. |
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What are corticosteroids used for? |
Arthritis flare ups |
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What do corticosteroids do? |
Reduce inflammatory response. |
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What do corticosteroids do? |
Reduce inflammatory response. |
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What is gout. |
Excessive uric acid accumulation. |
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What drug is an antigout? |
Colchicine |
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What is the action of colchicine? |
Inhibits the migration of leukocytes to inflamed site. |
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What are the side effects of colchicine? |
GI distress |
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What are the contraindications of colchicine? |
Severe renal failure, cardiac disorders, and GI distress |
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What drugs are nonopiod analgesics? |
NSAIDS, acetominophen, naproxen |
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What drugs are nonopiod analgesics? |
NSAIDS, acetominophen, naproxen |
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What is acetominophen's action? |
Inhibit prostaglandins synthesis |
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What level of pain do opiods treat? |
Moderate to severe |
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What types of pain do analgesics treat? |
Little to mild |
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What part of the body do opiods affect? |
The CNS. |
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What is the action of opiods? |
Suppress pain impulses, suppress respiration, suppress cough |
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What are the side effects of opiods? |
Nausea, vomitting, constipation, respiratory depression, hypotension |
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What are the side effects of opiods? |
Nausea, vomitting, constipation, respiratory depression, hypotension |
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What type of drug is hydromorphone? |
Opiod |
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What is the opiod antidote? |
Naloxone |
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What types of drugs are migraine medication? |
Beta adrenergic blockers, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants |
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What type of virus is HIV |
Retrovirus |
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What are the goals of ART therapy? |
Reduce HIV mortality/morbidity, prolong life & it's quality, restore & preserve immunologic function, suppress plasma HIV viral load, prevent HIV transmission |
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What do reverse transcriptase inhibitors do? |
Prevent replication by competing at receptor site |
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What do protease inhibitors do? |
Inhibit protease (viral enzyme) |
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What do integrase inhibitors do? |
Inhibits integrase (viral enzyme) |
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What do CCR5 drugs do? |
Blocks at the receptor of viral replication |
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What do fusion/entry inhibitors do? |
Prevent fusion of HIV and CD4 cell of the immune system |
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What is IRIS. |
An opportunistic immunologic disease |
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What are common IRIS strains? |
TB, pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, herpes, kaposi's sarcoma |
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What is post exposure prophylaxis? |
Prevention of HIV after exposure. Started within hours of exposure, continued for 4 weeks. |
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What is active immunity? |
The body creates it: antibodies produced. |
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What is acquired immunity? |
The body is exposed to an antigen and then antibodies are formed. |
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What is passive immunity? |
The body receives the antibodies from another source. |
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What type of immunity do vaccines cause? |
Acquired immunity |
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What are the 4 categories of CNS stimulants? |
Amphetamines, aneleptics, anorexants |
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What is the action of amphetamine? |
Stimulates the release of norepinephrine and dopamine |
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What are the side effects of amphetamines? |
Tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, irritability, weight loss, dry mouth, diarrhea, constipation, impotence |
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What are amphetamine like drugs for ADHD? |
Methylphenidate and dexmethtlphenidate |
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What is the effect of amphetamines and amphetamine like drugs on ADHD? |
Increases attention span and cognitive performance |
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What do amphetamine and amphetamine like drugs do for narcolepsy? |
Increase the amount of time the pt feels awake |
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What are the amphetamine like drugs for narcolepsy? |
Methylphenidate and modafinil |
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What is the action of methylphenidate? |
Moderates serotonergic pathways by affecting changes in dopamine transport. |
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What affect do caffeine and sugar have on methylphenidate? |
Increase the effects |
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What affect might decongestants, antihypertensives, and barbituates have on methylphenidate? |
Decreased effects |
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What should the nurse do with the diabetic patient taking methylphenidate? |
Monitor blood glucose |
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What are the side effects of methylphenidate? |
Tachycardia,palpitatipns, hypertension, dizziness, sleeplessness, tremors, irritability, dry mouth, nervousness. |
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What are the nursing interventions around amphetamine and amphetamine like drugs. |
Take early in morning, gibe5with meals, report irregular heartbeats. Use SUGARLESS gum to relieve dry mouth, avoid alcohol and caffeine, record height/weight/growth, DO NOT ATOP ABRUPTLY |
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What is the only FDA approved anorexant. |
Ally |
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What are anorexants for? |
Weight loss |
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What are anorexants for? |
Weight loss |
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What type of drug is caffeine? |
Aneleptic |
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What are the side effects of analeptics/caffeine? |
Restlessness, tremors, twitching, palpitations, insomnia, diuresis, tinnitus, nausea, diarrhea, psychological dependence |
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What does a nurse five to a child with apnea? |
Aneleptics |
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When should aneleptics be given? |
In morning. |
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When are sulfonamides given? |
Burns (silvadine), bacterial infections |
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What does bactrim do? |
Treats URI, inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis |
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What are the types of enteral feeding? |
Nasogastric, nasojejunal, percutaneous endoscopic gastromy, jujenostomy |
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What is TPN? |
Total parental nutrition:IV feeding. Colloids and lipids. |
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What is TPN? |
Total parental nutrition:IV feeding. Colloids and lipids. |
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What are the IV fluids you can bolus? |
Isotonic ONLY |
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What is acyclovir for? |
Antiviral |
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What are acylovirs side effects? |
GI distress, headache, lethargy, confusion, tremors, depression |
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What are the drug/drug interactions of anticonvulsants? |
Sulfonomide, INH, cimitidine |
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What are the drug/drug interactions of anticonvulsants? |
Sulfonomide, INH, cimitidine |
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What are the drug interactions of penicillin? |
Makes oral contraceptives not work |
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What are the drug/drug interactions of macrolides (erythromycin)? |
Antacids inhibit them |
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What are the drug/drug interactions of tetracycline? |
Milk/dairy, antacids in hibit them. Decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. |
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What does fluoroquinolones treat? |
Anthrax |
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What sputum sample should one take for TB? |
First of the day. |
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What are the antifunals? |
Azole and polyenes |
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What does fluconazole treat? |
Candida (thrush) |
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When should one use metronazole? |
Used when GI distress is present |
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How do reverse transcriptase inhibitors work? |
Compete with RNA at receptor site, prevent reverse transcription |
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How do protease inhibitors work? |
Prevent enzymatic function of protease. |
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How do integrase inhibitors work? |
Inhibit enzymatic function of integrase. |
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How do CCR5 antagonists work? |
Blocks at the receptor site of viral replication |
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How do fusion inhibitors work? |
Prevent the binding of HIV to CD4 cells. |
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What are the side effects of amphetamines? |
Tachycardia, hypertension, palpations, irritabiloty, weight loss, dry mouth, diarrhea, constipation, impotence. |
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What is amphetamine action? |
Stimulate the relate of dopamine and norepinephrine. |
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What are nursing interventions around ampehtamines? |
Give with breakfast, report irregular heartbeats, use SUGARLESS gum to relieve dry mouth, do not stop abruptly. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, record height and weight (growth). |
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What are the food interactions of amphetamines? |
Sugar and caffeine inhibit them. |
