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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Peak |
The highest concentration of drug in blood |
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Duration |
Time the drug remains in circulation |
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Trough |
The lowest concentration of med in blood |
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Bioavailability |
% of drug available in blood |
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Med availability in circulation |
Oral < 100 % Iv=100% |
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Protein -Binding |
Drugs r distributed and bind to plasma protein |
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Proteins drugs bind to |
Acidic drugs = albumin/lipoprotein Basic Drugs = AGP |
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Inactive drugs |
Drugs tht bind to protein |
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1st pass metabolism |
Drug tht r metabolized in liverr made inactive and excreted. =non-therapeutic effect |
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Onset |
Time it takes for drug to have effects |
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Loading Dose |
Large initial dose (More than reg dose ) |
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Therapeutic index |
Between therapeutic level and toxic level |
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Side effect |
Secondary effect of a drug |
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Drug incompatibility |
When 1 or more drugs clash (complication) |
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Enzyme inducer |
Drug tht increases metabolism of another drug (stimilates liver enzymes) |
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Enzyme inhubitor |
Decreases metabolism of some drugs &increase their plama coincentration. |
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Additive effect |
2 drugs compliment each other creating increased effect (ex. 1 +1=3) |
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Synergenic effect |
Clinical effect of 2 drugs given together is alot greater than each drug alone ex ( 1+1=5) (narcotic+histomine=enhances narcotic effect) |
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Antagonist effect |
2 drugs in system but 1 reduces or blocks the other ex(1+1=1) *Basically an antidote |
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(MEC) minimum effect concentration |
Amount of drug in plasma needed to work |
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Drug Toxicity |
When drug levels exceed therapeutic range |
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Factors tht may cause toxicity |
Disease, genetics, age |
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Bacterial Resistance |
Bacterial Beta Lactamase inactivates drugs. Blocks/cancels drug effect |
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Naphrontoxicity |
Toxicity of kidney |
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Drug Incompatibilities can b? |
Therapeutic, physical, chemical |
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Result of drug incompatibility |
Toxic drug effect Inactive drug effevt |
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Agonistic effect |
Desired Drug therapeutic effect (does this by activating receptors to produce desired responce) |
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Nephrotoxicity |
Toxicity of the kidney |
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Ototoxicity |
Damage to auditory or vestibular branxh of cranial nerve 8 |
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Hepatoxicity |
Liver toxicity |
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Example of liver toxicity |
Erythromycin and azithromycin |
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Photosensitivity |
Sunburn reaction Can occur when taking tetracycline or demeclocycline |
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Supra-Infection |
Secondary infections usually caused by opportunistic pathogens after broad spectrum antibiotic treatments. |
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Supra-infections s/s |
Mouth ulcers, anal and genital discharge |
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Crystalluria |
Crystals in the urine |
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How to prevent cryatalluria |
Increase fluid intake |
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Crystalluria caused by |
Taking meds and not drinking fluids create crusllystals in urine |
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Metabolism |
Process in which body chemically changes drugs into a form tht can be excreted. |
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Primary site of metabolism |
Liver |
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How does liver metabolize lipid drugs? |
Metabolized them (turns them into) 19 water soluble substances for renal excretion. |
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What can alter drug metabolism |
Liver disease (cirrhoisis,hepatitis) inhibit drug metabolism enzymes |
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Pharmaceutic phase |
When we injest med and we metabolize (diaaolve) it so it can b observed. The drug be omes a solution that can cross the biological membrane . |
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What drugs go thruough the pharmaceutic phase? |
Oral meds |
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What mes form will have Rapid drug action |
Liquid suspension (bc already solution which is necessary metabolism) |
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Enterecoted meds dissolve in |
Small intestine (there fore have delay onset ) |
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Enteric coated meds should |
NOT be crushed or chewed. (It will cause absorption in stomach... avoid high fat foods bc it will dissolve slowly) |
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Type 1 DM can not take oral "insulin" because |
Digestive enzymes in GI prevent obsorption |
