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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Asthma |
Chronic inflammatory disorder. Allergen causes release of mediators: histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, interleukins. Mediators cause bronchoconstriction, infiltration of inflammatory cells. Limit airflow. |
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Bronchodilators |
Beta 2 adrenergic agonists. Promote bronchodilation. Levalbuterol (Xopenex)- inhaled short acting; effects begin immediately. |
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Serevent (salmeterol) |
Delayed effects: used for prolonged prophylaxis. Do not use to abort an ongoing acute asthmatic attack. |
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Serevent (Salmeterol) Adverse Effects |
Usually minimal with inhaled preparations; tachycardia, angina, tremors |
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Glucocorticoids |
Fluticasone (Flovent). Blocks synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators (histamine, prostaglandins, interleukins). Decreases hypersensitivity, mucus production. Used for prophylaxis, can be administered orally or by inhalation. |
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Glucocorticoids Adverse Effects |
Inhaled: oropharyngeal candidiasis- teach patients to gargle with water or saline after each administration Oral: no significant effects when used 10 days or less; porlonged use can cause adrenal suppression, fluid retention, hypertension, moon face, oseoporosis, hyperglycemia, peptic ulcer disease, suppression of growth in young. |
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Cromolyn (Intal) |
Stabilizes membranes of mast cells, blocking release of histamine. 1st. line agent for prophylactic therapy of moderate asthma. Prevents bronchospasm associated with exercise induced asthma. |
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Methylxanthines: theophylline, aminophylline |
Relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi. Oral-maintenance. IV- emergencies Narrow therapeutic range: 10-20 mcg/ml Caffeine increases intensity Drugs that reduce levels: phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin. Drugs that increase levels: cimedtidine, fluoroquinolone. Must individualize dosages. Do not give by rapid injection- could lead to cardiac arrest.
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Adverse Effects of Methylxanthines: theophylline, aminophylline |
Increased HR, dysrhythmias, vasodilates, diuresis. |
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Atrovent- ipratropium |
Atropine derivative- an anticholinergic Back-door bronchodilatior Effective for allergen-induced asthama Less effective than Beta 2 agonists (albuterol) |
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Leukotriene Modifers |
Anti-inflammatory. Used for maintenance of chronic asthma. Few Adverse Effects: headache and GI upset. Montelukast (Singulair) can be given safely to children. All God's children take it. |
