Pharm Test 1

Front 1

type of drug that prevents lysis of fibrin and promotes clot formation (can treat hemophilia)

Back 1

antifibrolytics

Front 2

aminocaproic acid (Amicar) and desmospressin (DDAVP) are what type of drug

Back 2

antifibrolytics

Front 3

drug that inhibits the breakdown of fibrin, which prevents destruction of formed clot

Back 3

aminocaproic acid (amicar)

Front 4

increases platelet aggregation and clot formation (infuse IV over 30 min)

Back 4

desmopressin (DDAVP)

Front 5

name of the type of drug that has these adverse effects: uncommon and usually mild adverse effects; rarely can cause acute myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular events

Back 5

antifibrolytics

Front 6

type of drug with these contraindications

-known allergy

-current DIC state

-drug interaction with oral contraceptives or estrogens (increases coagulation)

Back 6

antifibrolytics

Front 7

Anistrepalse (Eminase)

Alteplase (Activase)

Reteplase (Retavase)

Tenecteplace (TNKase)

are all what kind of drug

Back 7

thrombolytic

Front 8

what kind of drug has this mode of action: lyses preformed clots

Back 8

thrombolytic

Front 9

what kind of drug has these indications: witnessed stroke in past 6 hrs, acute MI, arterial thrombosis, DVT, occlusion of shunts/catheters, pulmonary embolus, acute stroke (CT head first), open AV shunt, BP 140/90 or less

Back 9

thrombolytic

Front 10

what drug inhibits formation of an enzyme that prevents blood vessels from constriction and forming a clot

Back 10

aspirin (antiplatelet)

Front 11

what drug inhibits the membrane around platelets (platelet receptors) blocking the signal to form a clot and is used for possible MI, cath lab, stint (can be on this for up to 1 year)

Back 11

Clopidognel (Plavix)

Front 12

what drug is used in CCU/ICU for patients that are continually monitored for unstable angina, MI, and percutaneous coronary procedures

Back 12

Eptifibatide Integrillin and Abciximab (Reopro)

RIPA

Front 13

what kind of drug interacts with other NSAIDS to increase platelet activity and increase bleeding potential

Back 13

antiplatelet drugs

Front 14

what kind of drug of is used to treat coronary artery disease

Back 14

antilipemic

Front 15

what kind of drug is Pravastatin (Pravachol), Simvastatin (Zocor), Atorvastatin (Lipitor), and Fluvastatin (Lescol)

Back 15

antilipemic (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)

Front 16

what kind of drug will interact with oral anticoagulants and grapefruit juice (increases rhabdomyosis)

Back 16

antilipemic

Front 17

what kind of drug has this mode of action

Back 17

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, decreases rate of cholesterol production, lowers LDL by 30-40%

Front 18

these are positive risk factors for what disease

male >45 yrs, female >55yrs

family history of premature CHD

current smoker

HTN, >140/90 or taking HTN meds

low HDL levels (<40mg/dl)

diabetes mellitus

Back 18

coronary artery disease!!!

Front 19

these are what kind of drug: cholestyramine (Questrom), colestipolthydrochloride (Colestid), colesevelam (tablet form only)

Back 19

bile acid sequestrants

Front 20

what acid is necessary for absorption of cholesterol

Back 20

bile acids

Front 21

what drug type has these indications:

-advanced hyperlipoproteinemia

-2nd line when statins aren't tolerated

-relief of pruritis associated with partial biliary obstruction

Back 21

bile acid sequestrants

Front 22

what kind of drug decreases absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K (water insoluble, fat soluble)- may need to give pt some of dem supplements

Back 22

bile acid sequestrants

Front 23

what vitamin is niacin (nicotinic acid) associated with

Back 23

vitamin B3

Front 24

what drug/vitamin can be used as an effective and inexpensive treatment in combination with other lipid lowering drugs

Back 24

vitamin B3 (niacin aka nicotinic acid)

Front 25

3 contraindication of niacin

Back 25

liver disease, HTN, peptic ulcer disease

Front 26

Ezetimibe (Zetia) is what kind of drug

Back 26

cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Front 27

what drug inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine

Back 27

Ezetimibe (Zetia) - a cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Front 28

Gemfibrozil (Lopid) and Fenofibrate (Tricor) are what kind of drugs

Back 28

fibric acid derivatives

Front 29

what drug has this mode of action: activates lipase which breaks down cholesterol

Back 29

fibric acid derivatives

Front 30

what type of drug should you never combine with statins and why

Back 30

fibric acid derivatives, they increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis

Front 31

what kind of drug has these contraindications: severe liver or kidney disease, cirrhosis, gallbladder disease, known allergy

Back 31

fibric acid derivatives

Front 32

what drug can have these adverse effects: abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, blurred vision, headached, gall stone, increase prothrombin time, increased liver function

Back 32

fibric acid derivatives

Front 33

what drug can decrease triglycerides and increase HDL by as much as 25%

Back 33

fibric acid derivatives

Front 34

when taking bile acid sequestrants, what kind of supplements may be needed

Back 34

fat soluble vitamins (vitamins ADEK)

Front 35

when are you allowed to take other meds in regards to taking your bile acid sequestrants

Back 35

an hour before or 4-6 hours after

Front 36

little Addie say: "my GI tract hurting whenever i take my antilipemic medications"

what do you suggest little Addie to do?

Back 36

Eat a mac n cheese with your meds!

Front 37

T or F: diuretic drugs decrease the amount of sodium in urine

Back 37

false: sodium follows water, diuretics will removal sodium and water

Front 38

what are the five main diuretic drug types

Back 38

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, osmotic diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics, thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics

(i feel your THIGH in the CAR as we take it for a LOOP without smoking POT and our cat OSMO rides with us)

Front 39

acetazolamine (Diamox) is what kind of diuretic

Back 39

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Front 40

which drug can be used for edema secondary to heart failure or HTN (pulls water out) and is mostly used as an adjunct drug for open angle glaucoma

Back 40

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Front 41

what are Bumetanide (Bumex), Furosemide (Lasix), and Torsemide (Demedex) used for?

Back 41

fluid volume overload!

Front 42

Little Addie say: I take Bumex, Lasix, and Demedex and I need some electrolytes replaced.

What did you give her?

Back 42

potassium and sodium

Front 43

little Addie say: Can i use Mannitol (Osmitrol) for my peripheral edema?

Back 43

Heck no, Addie.

Front 44

Little Addie say: "Can i use Mannitol (Osmitrol) to decrease my intracranial pressure? I have cerebral edema."

Back 44

Yes, Addie. I just need to give it to you as a slow drip through your infusion pump.

Front 45

what kind of diuretics are Amiloride (Midamor), Spironolactone (Aldactone), and Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Back 45

potassium sparing diuretics

Front 46

what is the most common thiazide

Back 46

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Front 47

what kind of diuretic is metolazone (zaroxolyn)

Back 47

thiazide like diuretic

Front 48

which drug is used most frequently for the initial treatment of hypertension (also as a calcium channel blocker for black people)?

Back 48

metolazone (Zaroxolyn)- thiazides

Front 49

what electrolyte do you want to monitor when a patient is taking diuretics?

Back 49

potassium (order a serum potassium)- call Joe to come stick them. but it must be a venous stick because K+ is intracellular)

Front 50

hypokalemia can give what kind of symptoms

Back 50

muscle weakness, constipation, irregular heart rate, overall lethargy

Front 51

Conivaptan (vaprisol), tolvaptan (samsca) can be used to treat what

Back 51

hyponatremia

Front 52

water retention (edema), hypertension, red/flushed skin, dry/sticky mucous membranes, increase thirst, increased temp and decrease urine output is seen with an increase in which electrolyte

Back 52

sodium (hypernatremia)

Front 53

what is the most abundant electrolyte in the human red blood cell

Back 53

potassium

Front 54

what happens when you do a potassium push on your patient?

Back 54

they die (their heart stops)

Front 55

early signs and symptoms: anorexia, hypotension, lethargy, confusion, muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhthmias, neuropathy, paralytic ileus, secondary alkalosis

what electrolyte is affected

Back 55

potassium (hypokalemia)

Front 56

A 45 year old patient presents with muscle weakness. Cardiovascular arrest is suspected upon EKG examination. The med tech (Joe) runs a serum potassium and discovers that the patient has a 6.2mEQ/L (ref range 3.5-5.0). What can you do about the potassium if you only have sodium bicarbonate, calcium salts, and sodium polystyrene sulfonate available?

Back 56

sodium bicarbonate and calcium salts bring potassium back into the cells, while sodium polystyrene sulfonate removes excess potassium

Front 57

Little Addie say: Mommy, ever since I started hemodialysis, I have to go to the bathroom a lot. What is my body doing?

Back 57

removing excess potassium through frequent bowel movements

Front 58

Little Addie say: Mommy, can I just take this oral potassium without water like my daddy does with his trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole?

Back 58

No, honey. You need to take it with some water or fruit juice to minimize GI discomfort.

Front 59

Ah! I have acute bleeding (>50% slow blood loss) that needs to be managed! What kind of blood products should I get?

Back 59

cryoprecipitate and/or plasma protein factors

Front 60

what blood product increases clotting factor levels in patients with a demonstrated deficiency

Back 60

fresh frozen plasma

Front 61

Jimmy and Franky have been Siamese twins for 45 years. They decided to have emergency surgery. But the surgeon accidentally got bumped as he was cutting. Blood went everywhere.

Jimmy has lost 10% of his total blood volume. That's about 0.5 liters. Franky has lost 1.5L (30%). Would you give whole blood, packed RBCs or neither or both to Franky and Jimmy?

Back 61

Franky gets whole blood and Jimmy gets PRBCs