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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are sulfonamides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
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Bacteriostatic
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Sulfonamides:List
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Sulfadiazine
Sulfasalazine Sulfacetamide Sulfamethoxazole Sulfasoxazole |
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Quinolones: List
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Nalidixic acid
Ciprofloxacin Ofloxacin Levofloxacin Gatifloxacin Moxifloxacin |
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Quinolones: administration
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Orally-food may delay absorption
Some IV/IM with ciprofloxacin |
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Can quinolones cross the placenta?
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Yes
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First generation quinolone
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Nalidixic acid
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2nd generation fluoroquinolones
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Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin |
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3rd and 4th generation fluoroquinolones
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Levofloxacin
Gatifloxacin Moxifloxacin |
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Can quinolones cross the CNS?
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Very poorly
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Are quinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
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Bactericidal
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Quinolones: spectrum and uses
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Broad spectrum
Gram negative and positive bacteria *Nalidixic acid narrow G- spectrum-only treats UTI *Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin used in GI, UTI, STD, skin infections, Pseudomonas. Strep are resistant *Levofloxacin and gatifloxacin broader G-and G+ esp. strep and pneumonia, bronchitis *Moxifloxacin have added anaerobic effects but poor Pseudomonas coverage. Not used for UTI bc not excreted in urine |
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Quinolones: excretion
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Renal-glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
Can appear in milk Ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid can be excreted through bile |
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Quinolones: mechanism
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Impair DNA synthesis by binding to DNA and inhibiting function of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
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Quinolones: resistance
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1. Mutations in genes encoding DNA gyrase of topoisomerase IV
2. Efflux mechanisms 3. Decrease in # of porins to decrease permeability to drug |
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Quinolones: contraindications
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Pregnant women and young kids due to possible joint disease (arthropathy)
QT interval |
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Quinolones: side effects
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GI: nausea, abdominal, C. dificile infection
CNS effects: seizures, headaches, phototoxicity-->skin rash Arthropaty: joint disease, tendonitis esp. of Achilles |
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Sulfonamides: mechanism
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PABA analog that inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase and blocks folic acid synthesis
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome is associated with the use of what drug?
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Sulfonamides
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Sulfadiazine: uses
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UTI
Toxoplasmosis with pyrimethamine |
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Silver sulfadiazine: uses
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Second and third degree thermal and chemical burns
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Sulfisoxazole: uses
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UTI, otitis media
Alternate amoxicillin therapy for kids |
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Sulfamethoxazole: uses
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UTI, otitis media, bronchitis
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Sulfacetamide: uses
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Bacterial conjunctivitis
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Sulfacetamide: administration
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Eye drops
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Sulfasalazine: uses
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Not used as antibiotic but anti-inflammatory
Colitis, Crohn's disease |
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Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: uses
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UTI
Gonococci, E. coli, Yersinia, Shigella, Pneumocystis carinii (AIDS patients), MRSA |
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Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: mechanism
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Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase
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