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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intermediate acting Sulfonamides
-drugs |
-sulfadimethoxine
-sulfamethoxazole -sulfamethazine -sulfadiazine |
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Long acting Sulfonamides
-drugs |
-Sulfadimethoxine
-Sulfamethazine |
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Enteric sulfas
-drugs |
-Sulfasalazine
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Sulfasalazine
-why use caution in cats |
-linked to a molecule pf salicylic acid, which has similar effects to aspirin in cats
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Diaminopyrimadines
-drugs |
-ormetoprim
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Sulfonamide and diaminopyrimidine
-drug combinations |
-trimethoprim/sulfadiazine
-ormetoprim/sulfadimetoxine -trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |
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Sulfonamide drugs
-use in dairy cattle |
-prohibited from use
-except sulfadimethoxine, sulfabromomethazine, sulfaethoxypyridazine |
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Sulfonamide drugs
-only drug that can be used in dairy cattle in the US |
-sulfadimethoxine
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Sulfonamide and diaminopyrimadine
-physiochemical properties |
-each drug has independent solubility in solution
-weak acids that are not water soluble as acids -form very basic sodium salts when treated with a strong base (exception is sulfacetamide) -diaminopyrimidines and weak bases that are very lipid soluble |
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Sulfonamide
-mechanism of action |
-compete with PABA for incorporation into folic acid synthesis --> decreased purine synthesis --> decreased RNA --> inhibited protein synthesis
-lost activity in the presence of cellular debris because folic acid and purines are readily available in bacterial environment -bactericidal when combined with a diaminopyrimidine |
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Sulfonamide
-spectrum |
-moderately effective in all 4 quadrants
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Potentiated sulfonamides
-spectrum |
-spectrum doesn't expand from sulfonamides (all 4 quadrants) but efficacy increases
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Sulfonamide
-resistance |
-common due to over 50 yrs of use
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Sulfadimethoxine
-route of administration |
-IV (dogs, cats, horses, cattle)
-oral bolus (cattle) -tablets and oral suspension (dogs, cats) -soluble powder for drinking water (cattle, chicken, turkeys) |
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Sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim
-route of admiistration |
-tablet (dogs)
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Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine
-route of administration |
-IV (horse)
-oral paste (horse) -tablet (dog) |
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Sulfamethazine
-route of administration |
-oral bolus (cattle)
-granular feed additive (swine, cattle) -soluble powder (swine, cattle) |
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Sulfachlorpyridazine
-route of administration |
-IV (calves)
-soluble powder (calves and swine) |
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Sulfasalazine
-route of administration |
-oral and enteric coated tablets
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Sulfonamides
-pharmacokinetics |
-most absorbed well from oral or parenteral administration
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Sulfonamide
-pharmacokinetic differences due to differences in... |
-sulfas
-species for each sulfa -degree of protein binding -volume of distribution -elimination half-life |
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Sulfonamide
-common administration protocol |
-loading dose then maintenance dose
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Sulfonamide
-routes of elimination |
-renal excretion
-biotransformation |
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Sulfonamides
-pharmacodynamics |
-bacteriostatic with time above MIC
-sulfonamide + diaminopyrimadine --> bacericidal |
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Sulfonamide breakpoints
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-human derived
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Sulfonamide
-adverse reactions |
-keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dogs)
-bone marrow depression, hypersensitivity, retinitis, fever, vomiting..(dogs) -neutropenia (dogs; TMP & sulfamethoxazole) -crystalluria in acidic urine -enteric flora alteration -injection site concerns (food animal) -sulfaquinoxaline antagonist on Vit. K --> hemorrhage in puppies -T3 and T4 serum concentration decrease --> hypothyroidism -shouldn't use TMP/sulfas as a first line drug unless predisposing cases can be ruled out |
