Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are Cognitive Enhancers used for?
|
in persons suffering from Dementia
|
|
|
What does cognitive impairment result from?
|
loss of Cholinergic neurons & other neurodegeneration
|
|
|
T or F: Cognitive Enhancers only provide symptomatic treatment only
|
True
|
|
|
Non-competitive NMDA antagonist used to treat dementia
|
Memantine
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Memantine?
|
1. Agitation
2. Urinary incontinence/infection 3. Insomnia 4. Diarrhea |
|
|
List the 2 Cholinesterase Inhibitor cognitive enhancers
|
1. Tacrine
2. Donepezil |
|
|
What are the side effects of Tacrine?
|
1. GI symptoms
2. Hepatotoxicity 3. Should not be administered with Theophylline or Cimetidine (CYP1A2 interaction) |
|
|
What drugs should Tacrine not be administered with? Why?
|
Theophylline or Cimetidine
CYP1A2 interaction |
|
|
What are the side effects of Donepezil?
|
1. GI symptoms
2. Muscle cramps 3. Fatigue 4. Anorexia |
|
|
What are the 3 stimulants used to treat ADHD or Narcolepsy?
|
1. Methylphenidate (ADHD)
2. d-Amphetamine (ADHD & Narcolepsy) 3. Modafinil (Narcolepsy) |
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Methylphenidate & d-Amphetamine?
|
release &/or block the reuptake of Norepinephrine & Dopamine
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Methylphenidate & d-Amphetamine?
|
Common
1. Insomnia 2. Anorexia 3. Weight loss Rare: 1. Leukocytosis 2. Hallucinations 3. Mania 4. Paranoia 5. Cardiac arrhythmia |
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Modafinil?
|
1. alpha-1 agonist
2. NE reuptake inhibitor 3. increases Glutamatergic activity 4. decreases GABAergic activity |
|
|
What is the name of the Non-stimulant drug? What is it used for?
|
Atomoxetine
ADHD |
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Atomoxetine?
|
NE re-uptake inhibitor
"Nuclear Energy" (NE) Atom |
|
|
What are the side effects of Atomoxetine?
|
Similar to the more stimulating antidepressants
-anticholinergic effects = dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, urinary retention |
|
|
Commonly abused stimulant that releases & blocks the reuptake of Dopamine, Norepinephrine, & Serotonin
|
d-Amphetamine
|
|
|
Commonly abused stimulant that is a Methylxanthine Adenosine Antagonist
|
Caffeine
|
|
|
Commonly abused stimulant that inhibits Dopamine reuptake. Also inhibits reuptake of NE & Serotonin. Short duration of action = 10-30 minutes
|
Cocaine
|
|
|
Commonly abused stimulant that is an Alpha & Beta receptor agonist; also enhances the release of NE
|
Ephedrine
|
|
|
Commonly abused stimulant that has more pronounced central effects with less prominent peripheral effects than d-Amphetamine & thus has a greater abuse liability
|
Methamphetamine
|
|
|
List 2 Amphetamine derivatives that also have some Psychedelic activity
|
Methyl-endi-oxy-amphetamine (MDA)
Methyl-endi-oxy-meth-amphetamine (MDMA) |
|
|
What side effects do MDA & MDMA cause?
|
Dose-dependent jaw-clenching, tachycardia, & muscle aches.
Hyperthermia occurs at high doses |
|
|
Commonly abused stimulant that produces both relaxation & increased alertness
|
Nicotine
|
|
|
What do Psychedelic Hallucinogens cause?
|
visual hallucinations, intellectual insights, perceptual disturbances, paranoia
|
|
|
Hallucinogen that has various effects on the Serotonergic system including agonist/antagonist actions at some receptors & altered reuptake
Produces pupillary dilation |
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
|
|
|
Hallucinogen derived from Peyote cactus, similar to LSD effects & mechanism. Traditionally used for ritualistic purposes
|
Mescaline
|
|
|
Derived from Psilocybe mushrooms, similar to LSD in effects & mechanism
|
Psilocybin
|
|
|
What do Dissociative Hallucinogens cause?
|
Hallucinations
Emotional withdraw Concrete thinking Bizarre posturing Hostile behavior |
|
|
What is the name of a Dissociate Hallucinogen?
|
Phencyclidine (PCP)
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Phencyclidine (PCP)?
|
Noncompetitive NMDA antagonist similar to Ketamine
Binds to a specific site in the NMDA receptor ion channel Also acts at Sigma site |
|
|
What do high doses of Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust) produce?
|
P = Plank = muscle rigidity
C = Coma P = Pyretic = Hyperthermia |
|
|
What effects do Cannabinoids produce?
|
1. Euphoria & giddiness
2. Increase appetite 3. Antiemetic 4. Decrease Intraocular pressure |
|
|
What is the active compound in Marijuana?
|
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) = cannabinoid receptor agonist
|
