Pharm Ii Nmc Test 1

Front 1

Pharmocodynamics

Back 1

Effects of drugs

Front 2

Pharmokinetics

Back 2

property of a drug which has an effect over a eriod of time.

Front 3

acetylcholine

Back 3

acetylcholine receptors are of two types:
muscarinic: found in parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve junctions and
nicotinic, found at neuromuscular junctions and in autonomic ganglia.
Acetylcholine acts on both tyes of receptors, but other drugs acot on one or the other.

Front 4

Neuropharmacology

Back 4

Study of drugs that alter processes controlled by the nervous system.

Front 5

Snyaptic transmission
5 steps

Back 5

Synthesis-transmitter is made from precursor molecules

Storage: the transmitter molecules are stored in vesicles of axon terminal

Release: triggered by arrival of the action potential at the axon terminal.

Receptor binding: after release, transmitter molecules diffuse accross synaptic gap and reversibly bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell altering its behavior.

Termination: can be by the following:
-Reuptake
-Degradation
-Diffusion

Front 6

A cholinergic drug responds to:

Back 6

Acetylcholine

Front 7

An adrenergic receptor responds to:

Back 7

epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

Front 8

Miosis

Back 8

Allows the pupil to get smaller.

Front 9

Mydriasis

Back 9

The pupil dilates-gets larger

Front 10

What is the neurotrnasmitter of the Somatic nervous system?

Back 10

The somatic nervous system has only one set of neurons. These neurons release ACETYLCHOLINE. The acetylcholine activates NICOTINIC receptors of the skeletal muscles.

Front 11

Parasympathetic Muscarinic responses:

Back 11

Miosis, dilation (arterioles), decrease in heart rate, strength, and velocity, increased salivation, tears, respiration, GI secretions and perspiration, bronchioles constriction, GI smooth muscle contract; sphincters relax, urniary tract detrusor contracts and sphincter relaxes, erection of the penis

Front 12

Sympathetic Nervous System:
ALPHA 1 Response

Back 12

Mydriasis (dilate), constriction of the arterioles, Glands: decreased secretions via vasoconstriction, GI smooth muscle relax; sphincters contract, uterus contracts, penis ejaculates, glycogenolysis and decrease in insulin.

Front 13

Sympathetic Nervous System:
ALPHA 2 Response

Back 13

Negative Feedback System

Front 14

Sympathetic Nervous Stystem:
Beta 1 Response

Back 14

Heart: Increase in heart rate, strength, and velocity. Lipolysis, renin release

Front 15

Sympathetic Nervous System:
Beta 2 Response

Back 15

Blood vessel dilation (large veins), Bronchioles dilation, GI tract relax, Urinary tract relax (detrusor muscle), Glycogenolysis, increased release of insulin.

Front 16

Somatic Nicotinic Response

Back 16

Skeletal muscle contraction.

Front 17

Agonist

Back 17

A medication that works in the sme manner as if the receptor was activated

Front 18

Antagonist

Back 18

Works opposite to the expected response if the receptor was activated.

Front 19

Prototype

Back 19

Is a drug that has the major characteristics of all the drugs in a category

Front 20

Muscarinic Agonist Prototype

Back 20

Bethanechol

Front 21

Bethanechol

Back 21

Works on the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system. Causes urination, may decrease heart rate even lwoer than 50 b/min.

Front 22

Acetylcholinesterase

Back 22

An enzyme that causes the breakdown of acetylcholine.

Front 23

Acetyclcholinesterase inhibitors

Back 23

If you want more acetylcholine available the n you would block the nezyme that destroys acetylcholine. This is the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Front 24

Myasthenia gravis

Back 24

Autoimmune disease. Too little acetycholine available. Not enough muscarinic stimulation. Treatment is to make more acetylcholine available to nicotinic recetors to increase muscle response.

Front 25

Cholinergic Crisis

Back 25

Too much acetylcholine is available. Excessive muscarinic stimulation. Symptoms are simlilar to myasthenia crisis which include: weakness and respiratory depression.

Front 26

Explain the diference between the mechanism of action of reversible and irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors

Back 26

Reversible inhibitors produce effects of moderate duration. Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors produce long lasting effects.

Front 27

What clients are choinsterase inhibtors contraindicted

Back 27

Those with mechanical obstruction of the intestine or urinary tract.

Front 28

Muscarinic receptors

Back 28

Are located on all organs regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. They are also related on sweat glands.

Front 29

Nicotinic N
Nicotinic M

Back 29

Nicotinic N:
Receptors are located on the cell bodies of all postganglionic neurons of ht eparasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systmes. Also clocated on cells of the adrenal medulla.
Noctinic M: Receptors are located on skeletal muscles

Front 30

Adrenergic receptors

Back 30

Alph, beta or both are located on all organs (except sweat glands). regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (organs innervated by postganglionic sympathetic nerves) Adrenergic receptors are also located on organs regulated by EPI released from the adrenal medulla.