Cell Bio Test 1

Front 1

What are the 7 characteristics of a living thing

Back 1

Cellular organization, Ordered Complexity, Sensitivity, Growth--development--reproduction, Energy utilization, Homeostasis, Evolutionary adaption.

Front 2

Cellular Organization

Back 2

ONE OF THE 7 - one or more cells that do tasks required to function as a living thing.

Front 3

Ordered complexity

Back 3

ONE OF THE 7 - complex structures made up of different kinds of cells.

Front 4

Sensitivity

Back 4

ONE OF THE 7 - responds to stimuli

Front 5

Growth, development, and reproduction

Back 5

ONE OF THE 7 - living creatures grow, change and reproduce. Genetic makeup is passed through reproduction.

Front 6

Energy Utilization

Back 6

ONE OF THE 7 - requires energy to function properly, which means it also requires an energy source.

Front 7

Homeostasis

Back 7

ONE OF THE 7 - The body is able to maintain consistent internal conditions regardless of external influence.

Front 8

Evolutionary Adaption

Back 8

ONE OF THE 7 - Organisms react and adapt to their environment in order to ensure survival--done through generations not a lifetime.

Front 9

Biology

Back 9

The study of life

Front 10

Science

Back 10

Using observations and reason to develop an understanding of how the world works.

Front 11

What is the correct hierarchical order of the following?

Biosphere, Community, cell, tissue, organ, organelle, molecule, population, ecosystem, species, organ system, atom.

Back 11

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, population, species, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Front 12

Population

Back 12

a group of the same species living in the same area.

Front 13

Community

Back 13

a group of different species living in the same area

Front 14

Cell

Back 14

the basic structure of life, made up of organelles bound with membrane

Front 15

Tissue

Back 15

a functional group of similar cells

Front 16

Organ

Back 16

Structures made up of multiple tissues and function as a part of a major organ system

Front 17

Organelle

Back 17

complex molecules that combine with a membrane as a cell

Front 18

Molecule

Back 18

Cluster of atoms

Front 19

Atom

Back 19

the fundamental element of matter

Front 20

Theory (Scientifically)

Back 20

Something that is almost certain and is solidly implanted in our understanding of science.

Front 21

Do all living organisms have DNA?

Back 21

Yes, DNA is essential to growth and reproduction as well as any creation of cells and their function.

Front 22

What are the three domains of living Organisms?

Back 22

Bacteria, Archaia, and Eukarya

Front 23

What are the four kingdoms within Eukarya

Back 23

Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Protista

Front 24

Element

Back 24

A substance that can't be broken down to any other substance or element

Front 25

Atom

Back 25

Extremely small particles that make up matter

Front 26

Atomic Number

Back 26

the number of protons in an atom

Front 27

Atomic Mass

Back 27

The sum of the masses of the atom's neutrons and protons

Front 28

Molecule

Back 28

a group of atoms held together by energy

Front 29

Which four elements are most common by weight in the human body?

Back 29

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Front 30

What is the atomic number of Carbon?

Back 30

6

Front 31

What is the atomic number of Hydrogen?

Back 31

1

Front 32

What is the atomic number of Oxygen?

Back 32

8

Front 33

What is the atomic number of nitrogen?

Back 33

7

Front 34

How many protons are in Iron

Back 34

26

Front 35

Isotope

Back 35

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Front 36

Compound

Back 36

Matter that is made from a combination of two or more atoms.

Front 37

What are the four types of bonds?

Back 37

Covalent Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds, Ionic Bonds, and Hydrophobic Bonds

Front 38

What is the strongest kind of bond?

Back 38

Covalent

Front 39

Which type of bond is formed when one atom takes an electron from another atom?

Back 39

Ionic Bonds

Front 40

Which type of bond is created by atoms sharing electrons?

Back 40

Covalent

Front 41

Hydrophobic Bond

Back 41

The result of hydrophobic portions of molecules being forced together when they're in the presence of polar substances.

Front 42

How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?

Back 42

2 electrons

Front 43

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

Back 43

Bonds between two hydrogen or two oxygen atoms, the affinity for electrons is the same and the electrons are equally shared

Front 44

Polar Covalent Bond

Back 44

Bonds between molecules where there is an unequal distribution of electrons so the charge isn't uniform. That results in regions of partial negative charges near the more electronegative atom.

Front 45

What is a Buffer's function

Back 45

A buffer resists the change in pH.

Front 46

What is our blood's natural pH

Back 46

7.4

Front 47

Name the four principle biological molecules

Back 47

Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acid, Proteins, and Lipids

Front 48

How many covalent bonds are possible for Hydrogen Atoms

Back 48

1

Front 49

How many covalent bonds are possible for a Carbon Atom?

Back 49

4

Front 50

How many covalent bonds are possible for a Nitrogen Atom?

Back 50

3

Front 51

How many covalent bonds are possible for Oxygen Atoms?

Back 51

2

Front 52

Monosaccharide

Back 52

A simple sugar with a small amount of carbon atoms.

Front 53

Polysaccharide

Back 53

made up of monosaccharides that have linked together to form a more complex CARBOHYDRATE

Front 54

How many Amino Acids Are there

Back 54

20

Front 55

Amino Acids build what?

Back 55

Proteins

Front 56

What are Nucleic Acids made of and what do they make?

Back 56

Made of: Nucleotides

Make: DNA

Front 57

DNA consists of 4 nucleotides. What are they?

Back 57

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

Front 58

How many R groups are possible in an Amino Acid.

Back 58

20--because the differentiating factor of an amino acid is the R group, and there are 20 different amino acids

Front 59

What are the four types of large BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES?

Back 59

Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acid, proteins, and lipids

Front 60

What are the main functions of CARBOHYDRATES?

Back 60

Energy and structure

Front 61

What are the main functions of NUCLEIC ACIDS?

Back 61

Information!!! Cells wouldn't know what to do without them. DNA!!

Front 62

What are the main functions of PROTEINS?

Back 62

They do almost everything in cells and have very diverse structures.

Front 63

What are the main functions of LIPIDS

Back 63

DIVERSE IN functions and structures - hydrophobic

Front 64

How many bonds can a hydrogen form?

Back 64

1

Front 65

How many bonds can an Oxygen form

Back 65

2

Front 66

How many bonds can a Nitrogen form

Back 66

3

Front 67

How many bonds can a Carbon form

Back 67

4

Front 68

Marcromolecules are made of what chemical subunits?

Back 68

Monomers are the single chemical subunits, and polymers are the strings of monomers linked together.

Front 69

How do Molecules form polymers?

Back 69

Dehydration synthesis--formation of large molecules by removal of water.

Hydrolysis -- inviting in H2O to break down polymers and form polymers.

Front 70

What are the three main macromolecules?

Back 70

Protein, Carbohydrates and nucleic acids

Front 71

What is an example of a Carbohydrate's subunit or monomer?

Back 71

Glucose

Front 72

What is an example of a nucleic acid's subunit or monomer?

Back 72

Nucleotydes in DNA and RNA

Front 73

What is an example of a protein's subunit or monomer?

Back 73

Amino Acid

Front 74

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

Back 74

Glucose

Front 75

What is an example of a disaccharide?

Back 75

Sucrose, Lactose

Front 76

What is an example of a polysaccharide?

Back 76

Starch, Cellulose, chitin

Front 77

ISOMER

Back 77

a molecule with the same chemical composition as another molecule but with a different structure and thus a different function

Front 78

What four nucleotides are used to form Nucleic Acid?

Back 78

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

Front 79

Name a few Protein functions

Back 79

Enzyme catalysis, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation, storage.

Front 80

Peptide

Back 80

Polymer of amino acid monomers created through dehydration process--(remove H2O from the structural formula between two amino acids)

Front 81

Matter

Back 81

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Front 82

Element

Back 82

substances that can't be broken down into other elements via a chemical reaction

Front 83

What is the Valence

Back 83

The outer most shell of electrons in an atom

Front 84

REDOX

Back 84

OXIDATION: loss of an electron

REDUCTION: gain of an electron

Front 85

Whats the difference between Ionic and Isotope?

Back 85

Ionic Bond - stealing electrons

Isotope - Same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Front 86

Specific Heat

Back 86

The amount of heat a substance must absorb or lost to change its temperature.

Front 87

Solvent

Back 87

Something that does the dissolving and creates the solution

Front 88

Solute

Back 88

something that is being broken down and dissolved into the solution

Front 89

What is neutral pH

Back 89

7

Front 90

What is a Ribosome's function

Back 90

Translates DNA into Proteins

Front 91

What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum's functions?

Back 91

Covered in ribosomes and it modifies releases the proteins in the first step toward sorting proteins and sending them where they belong.

Front 92

What does the Smooth ER do?

Back 92

Contains many enzymes that create carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones.

Lipids are sent wherever it needs membrane components.

Stores Ca^2 which is a signaling molecule and detoxifies and neutralizes foreign substances.

Front 93

What does the Golgi Apparatus do?

Back 93

Collects, packages, and distributes molecules from where they were created at one location to where it needs to be used. Collects lipids and proteins from ERs and changes and modifies them.

Front 94

What do lysosomes do?

Back 94

They break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. They recycle old stuff and digest it and then replace it. RECYCLE.

Front 95

Vacuoles?

Back 95

Storage and maintenance of water in plant cells. It also stores waste, sugars, ions and pigments. Many different potential functions.

Front 96

Peroxisomes?

Back 96

They are microbodies which oxidize fatty acids. they make sure the metabolism of cytoplasm doesn't short-circuit and it has an enzyme that breaks up hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen to protect the cells from harm.

Front 97

Mitochondria?

Back 97

Converts sugar to ATP. Has own DNA which specifies for proteins. Divides along with cell. Carries out oxidative metabolism

Front 98

Chloroplasts?

Back 98

Manufacture own food and creates glucose via photosynthesis due to the glucose in the stroma. Contain DNA

Front 99

Cytoskeleton?

Back 99

Made of microtubule, actin filaments and intermediate filaments. Responsible for cell's shape and movement as well as creating a highways system for enzymes and macromolecules.

Front 100

Extracellular Matrix?

Back 100

In animals only - secrete glycoproteins to create the exteracellular matrix. Collagen and Elastin as well. Protective layer of surface of cell.

Front 101

Cell Junctions

Back 101

Attach one cell to another--can create communication between cells which molecules and ions travel between cells.

Front 102

Cell wall

Back 102

found in plants and fungi--protect cell and provide structural support.

Front 103

Genome

Back 103

Sum total of organisms DNA

Front 104

Hypothesis

Back 104

Answer to a question

Front 105

Independent variable

Back 105

What you're testing

Front 106

Dependent variable

Back 106

What happened

Front 107

Name two examples of a steroid molecule

Back 107

Testosterone and Estradiol

Front 108

Where in a Cell would you find a phospholipid?

Back 108

The cell membrane