Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Asthma Patho and where do the treatment guidelines come from? |
Patho: shortness of breath when airways to lungs narrow involving bronchospasm, inflammation, edema and production of mucous -NAEPP (national asthma education and prevention program) |
|
|
Types of Chronic Obstructive dz and their patho (2) |
1. Chronic bronchitis: inflammation of bronchi and production of mucous due to prlonged exposure to irritation (aka smoking) 2. Emphysema: enzyme response cuasing enlarged airspaces due to alveoli walls due to smoking and genetics |
|
|
Bronchodilators (action, use, adverse, contra, caution, nurse, the 3 types) |
Action: stimulate beta 2 Use: first line tx for almost all resp disorders Adverse: increase HR, force contraction Contra: heart issues, HTN Caution: DM patients - may increase BG so may need to adjust DM meds Nurse: teach prevention, 3-5 mins between puffs Types: Albuterol, Serevent, Epinephrine |
|
|
Albuterol, Serevent, Epinephrine |
Type: bronchodilators Albuterol: 1st line inhaled asthma attack med Serevent: long acting inhaled to prevent attacks Epinephrine: given SubQ |
|
|
Atrovert and Spiriva (type, action, use, adverse) |
Type: Anticholinergics Action: block action of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle Use: maintenance/prevention for bronchitis and emphysema Adverse: nervousness, HA, hypotension, GI probs
|
|
|
Corticosteroids (Action, use, adverse, given, nurse) |
Action: stabilize membranes, decrease mucous production/edema/inflammation Use: airway constriction Adverse: dec growth in kids, dry mouth, cough Given: IV or PO Nurse: not for attack, may be used with bronchodilator, use this last, gargle after use
|
|
|
Flonase, Beclovent, Pulmicort, Azmacort (type, use, given, nurse) |
Type: corticosteroids Use: airway constriction Given: inhaler Nurse: preferred b/c medicine goes directly to lungs and doesn't have systemic affect |
|
|
Methylprednisolone and Prednisone (type, use) |
Type: corticosteroids Use: airway constriction Methylp: IV in hosp setting Pred: PO after hosp stay and slowly tapered off |
|
|
Combivent (type, action, use, given) |
Type: mixed ipratropium/albuterol Action: anticholinergic and short term beta 2 Use: for maintenance - NOT RESCUE Given: inhaled |
|
|
Advair (type, action, use, given) |
Type: mixed steroid flucticasone/salmeterol Action: long term beta 2 Use: for maintenance - NOT RESCUE Given: inhaled
|
|
|
Theophylline (type, action, adverse, given, toxicity, therapeutic level) |
Type: Xanthines Action: bronchodilation Adverse: CNS stimulation, increased CO, many med interactions Given: IV or PO Toxicity: seizures, arrhythmias, racing heart Therapeutic level: 5-15mcg/mL |
|
|
Accolate and Singular (Type, action, use, adverse, given, contra) |
Type: leukotriene modifiers Action: bronchodilation, prevent edema/inflam Use: prevention in combo with bronchodilators/steroids Adverse: N/V, HA, infection Given: 1 hour AC/PC Contra: liver dz (monitor liver enzymes with people on accolate) |
|
|
Benadryl, Allergra, Claritan (type, action, use, adverse) |
Type: Antihistamines Action: antagonize histamine by occupying receptor sites involved in nerve impulse of smooth muscle Use: seasonal allergies Adverse: Benadryl has probs with drowsiness
|
|
|
Sudafed, Afrin, NeoSynephrine (type, action, adverse, contra, nurse) |
Type: Nasal decongestants Action: shrink engorged nasal mucosa Adverse: nervousness, insomnia, palpitations, tolerance after 1 week Contra: HTN Nurse: after 2005 sudafed was put behind counters |
|
|
Benylin and Codeine/hydrocodone (type, action, use, adverse, nurse) |
Type: antitussives Action: suppress medulla cough center Use: relive dry/hacking cough Adverse: dizzy, sedation, nausea Nurse: drink fluids, access cough, Benylin is non-narcotic |
|
|
Mucinex and Robitussin (type, action, use, nurse) |
Type: Expectorants Action: things resp secretion Use: relief of a productive cough in combo with other remedies Nurse: TAKE ONLY as needed |
|
|
Antiacids (action, adverse, nurse) |
Action: alkaline substances neutralize stom acids Adverse: Mg = diarrhea, Al = constipation, Ca+ = gas, constipation, acid rebound Nurse: OTC meds, interfere with many drugs, check sugar content for DM patients Mg: no renal insuffienty ptns, acts fast/long lasting Ca: most effective for heart burn
|
|
|
Pepcid, Zantac, Tegament-prototype (type, action, use, given, nurse) |
Type: Histamine 2 receptor antagonist Action: suppress secretion of gastric acid and decrease pepsin in stomach Use: ulcers, GERD Given: PO (OTC) or IV Nurse: Tegament known to have drug interactions in elderly |
|
|
Prilosec, Preveacid, Protonix (type, action, use, adverse, given, nurse) |
Type: Proton pump inhibitors Action: inhibits gastric acid secretions to prevent pumping of gastric acid from parietal cells Use: gastritis, GERD, ulcers, prophaylaxis for stress ulcers while in hospital, 2nd line tx after Histamine-2 meds Adverse: minimal Given: Prilosec/prevacid OTC PO, Protonix IV Nurse: heals ulcers in 4-8 weeks, give with food, swallow whole |
|
|
Helicobacter pylori agents (use, nurse, how to treat) |
Use: treat ulcers cuased by H pylori bacteria Nurse: 7-14 days to treat Take 2 of the following: amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metrodazole, tetracycline In combination with: 1 h-2 receptor antagonist and/or 1 proton pump inhibitor |
|
|
Laxatives and Cathartics (action, use, contra, 5 med names) |
Action: lax = mild to eliminate soft stool, cathartic = strong to eliminate loose stool (more abused) Use: constipation, straining, bowel emptying, eliminate toxins Contra: abd pain, intestinal obstruction Meds: metamucil, colace, magnesium citrate, doldolax, mineral oil |
|
|
The 3 types of Laxatives |
Metamucil: bulk forming laxative that uses water form form normal stools, can be used long term, sold OTC Colace: surfectant for softening by putting lipids in stool to prevent straining Mineral oil: lubricant laxative to soften hard feces |
|
|
The 2 types of Cathartics |
Magnesium citrate: saline solution to increase osmotic pressure in colon in prep for med procedure Doldolax: induce intestinal peristalsis, can lead to dependence |
|
|
Immodium and Lomotil (type and a little about both) |
Type: opiate antidiarrheals Imod: no physical dependence, OTC med Lomotil: related to mepreidine acting to calm GI motility - very little analgesic affect but can lead to abuse/dependence
|
|
|
Metamucil and Pepto-Bismol (type and a little about both) |
Type: antidiarrheals Meta: bulk forming agent Pepto-bis: bismuth salt, contains ASA so used in caution with kids |
|
|
Antiemetrics (action, use, 4 meds) |
Action: work on vomit pathway Use: prevent/treat N/V Meds: Zofran, Reglan, Phenergan and Compazine |
|
|
Zofran (type, action, use, given) |
Type: antiemetrics Action: serotonin blocker Use: post op, hyperemesis Given: PO or IV |
|
|
Reglan (type, action, use, adverse) |
Type: antiemetic Action: prokiinetic agent Use: delayed gastric emptying, reflux Adverse: effects common in young adults |
|
|
Phenergan and Compazine (type, action, adverse, given) |
Type: antiemetic Action: older med that did very little to actually treat patient but just sedated them Adverse: phenergan very sedative with EPS symptoms Given: IV but very caustic so use good vein |
|
|
Syrup of Ipecac (type, action, use, nurse) |
Type: emetic Action: induces vomiting Use: accidental at home poisoning Nurse: call poison control prior to giving b/c some stuff is better not thrown up |
|
|
Xenical (type, action, use, given) |
Type: fat blocker Action: causes diarrhea/bowel movements Use: treats obesity Given: PO multiple times daily |
|
|
Vitamins |
Action: essential for energy transformation and regulation of metabolic process Who: Elderly, malnourished, chronically/severely ill, alcoholics, infants, pregnant, lactating, fever Interactions: laxatives and antibiotics decrease absorption by decreasing fat soluble absorption Nurse: too much fat soluble vits can cause fat retention
|
|
|
RDA, DRI, vit for preg and over 50 |
RDA: recommended daily allowance DRI: dietary reference intake Folic acid B-12 |
|
|
Minerals and electrolytes to treat iron deficiency anemia |
Feosol and InFed (IV) Nurse: take with or right after meal with glass of water using straw Adverse: black stool, GI upset, nausea |
|
|
KCL (type, use, given, nurse) |
Type: potassium cloride Use: K+ and Cl deficiencies Given: PO or IV Nurse: IV dose diluted and given slow, PO mixed with fluid (tastes really bad!) taken on empty stomach
|
|
|
Kayexalate (type, action, use, given, nurse) |
Type: cation exchange resin Action: in colon to release Na+ and combine with K+ to eliminate feces Use: hyperkalemia Given: PO or rectal enema Nurse: stop all K+, cardiac monitoring, each Fm of resin will decrease K+ 1 mEq, retain enema for 1 hr, may need dialysis |
|
|
Magnesium Meds (2) |
Magnesium oxide: PO, for those who have low levels due to diet Magnesium sulfate: IM or IV for those with eclampsia |
|
|
Estrogen med actions |
synthetics block the follicle stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone |
|
|
Premarin (action, use, adverse, contra, given) |
Action: increase vaginal mucous viscosity Use: BC, menopause, endometriosis, replacement, post coital - emergency contracep Adverse: blood clots, cancer, dementia, drug interactions Contra: pregnant, blood probs, cancer, smoker Given: PO, patch |
|
|
Progestins |
Action: endometrial lining to suppress ovulation and inhibit uterine contractions Use: combo with estrogen, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, uterine bleeding Adverse: same as premarin |
|
|
Ortho TriCyclen, Yaz, Loestrin, NuvaRing, Depo-provera (Type, action, use, contra, adverse) |
Type: estrogen/progestin combo Action: suppress FSH and LH, thins endometrial lining, slows sperm transport and thickens cervical mucous Use: BC, acne, PMDD (yaz) Contra: smoking, >35, DM, HTN, migrains with aura, incrased K+ (yaz) Adverse: stoke, weight gain, monitor BP |
|
|
Clomid and Parlodel (type, action, use, adverse) |
Type: ovulation stimulants Action: same effects as natural hormones but just enhance/enable reproduction Use: infertility Adverse: DVT, ovarian hyperstimulation, multiples
|
|
|
Tocolytics (Action, 3 meds) |
Action: inhibit labor and maintain pregnancy before 37 weeks Magnesium sulfate - for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia Procardia Brethine |
|
|
Procardia (Type, action, nurse) |
Type: tocolytics Action: Ca+ channel blocker to decrease contractions and BP Nurse: controversial so not used much |
|
|
Brethine |
Type: tocolytics Action: inhibit uterine contractions Adverse: palpitations, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, crosses placenta so can cause fetal tachycardia/hyperglycemia |
|
|
Prostaglandins (action and 2 types) |
Action: promote cervical ripening (thinning), contractions and decrease uterine bleeding post partum -Cervidil -Priocin - Induce labor (HTN, dysrthmia) |
|
|
Cervidil (type, action, given, contra) |
Type: prostaglandin Action: cervical ripening Given: gel, vaginal suppository Contra: women less than 30 |
|
|
Depo-Testosterone (type, action, use, given) |
Type: androgen Action: maintain muscular and skeletal proteins Use: delayed puberty, deficiency, not for body building Given: IM or transdermal |
|
|
PDE5 inhibitors (use, adverse, nurse) |
Use: erectile dysfunction Adverse: prolonged erection usually due to OD Nurse: don't take with NTG, once per day |
|
|
BPH meds |
Use: enlarged prostate that interfere with urination -Proscar (5 alpha reductase inhibitor): can cause sexual dysfunction, preg nurses should not touch -Flomax (alpha 1 blocker): can cause hypotension |
