Ocular Pharm Exam 3

Front 1

Vancomycin

Back 1

IV. against G+ organisms. inhibits cell wall synthesis.

Front 2

Linezolid

Back 2

Zyvox. resistant G+ organisms. blocks protein synthesis in new spot (blocks assembly of ribosomes). bacteriostatic

Front 3

Daptomycin

Back 3

Cubicin. for resistant G+. binds to plasma membrane. bacteriocidal

Front 4

Natamycin

Back 4

Natacyn - Antifungal. binds to sterols in cell membrane, creating pores. broad spectrum.

Front 5

Amphotericin B

Back 5

Fungizone. antifungal. creates pores. broad spectrum.

Toxicity: reversible renal damage, hypotension, vomiting.

Front 6

Nystatin

Back 6

Mycostatin - antifungal. binds to sterols, pores. broad spectrum.

Tox: nausea, vomitting, blood disorders, renal damage

Front 7

Miconazole

Back 7

Monistat. antifungal. inhibits P450 enzymes. broad with effect on G+ bacteria.

Tox: low tox. SPK. systemic admin: nasua, fever, anorexia, anemia..

Other imidazoles/triazoles: ketoconazole (nizoral), clotrimazole (lotrimin), fluconazole (diflucan), fluconazole

Front 8

Other name for Linezolid

Back 8

Zyvox

Front 9

Other name for Daptomycin

Back 9

Cubicin

Front 10

Other name for Natamycin

Back 10

Natacyn

Front 11

Other name for Amphotericin B

Back 11

Fungizone

Front 12

Other name for Nystatin

Back 12

Mycostatin

Front 13

Other name for Miconazole

Back 13

Monistat

Front 14

Othername for Flucytosine

Back 14

5-flucorocytosine

Front 15

Flucoytosine

Back 15

antifungal. disrupts normal rna/dna syntehsis. esp effective in yeast. effective with amphetericin B.

Tox: severe, includes myelosuppression. (bone marrow suppression)

Front 16

Griseofulvin

Back 16

inhibits fungal mitosis. effective in dermatophytes. takes long time to work. no ocular use

Tox: oral: H/A, lethargy, confusion, nausea, vomitting, bad taste, blood disorders, photosensitivty

Front 17

General Toxicities of Antivirals

Back 17

Common: stomatits (mouth inflam), anorexia, nausea, vomitting

Occational: alopecia (hair loss), blood dyscrasias, blood marrow depression, kidney/liver impairment, convulsions
Rare: insomnia, depression, dizziness

Front 18

Idoxuridine

Back 18

antiviral. Best against HSV1. nucleotide analog of deoxy-thymidine. needs thymidine kinase to phosphorylate to triphosphate. not oral. MOA: inhibition of several enzymes in DNA synth & incorporation of IDUTP.

Tox: pain, photophobia, edema of lids, keratopathy, limbal follicles, ptosis, allergic reactions, punctal stenosis.

Front 19

Other name of Vidarabine

Back 19

Vira-A

Front 20

Vidarabine

Back 20

anti-viral. ointment. analog of adenosine. inhibits DNA pol, incorp. into viral DNA.

Front 21

Other name of Trifluridine

Back 21

Viroptic

Front 22

Trifluridine

Back 22

antiviral. thymidine analog. same MOA as others. selectivity with dose dependent HSV I, II and vaccinia.

no cross-resistance/sensitivty. better penetration.

Tox: less frequent. stinging/burning, lid edema, conj. hypermia, chemosis, keratitis, corneal edema. decreased corneal healing, punctal occlusion. IV or topic.

Front 23

Other name for Acyclovir

Back 23

Zovirax

Front 24

Acyclovir.

Back 24

antiviral. HSV I & II, VZV. deoxy-guanosine derivativbe. highly selective. stop recourance.

MOA: preferential phosphylation of virus, inhibition of viral dna pol, incorporation.

Tox: burning, stinging, SPK. nausea, vomitting diarrhea, H/A., rash. healing not supressed.

Front 25

Other name of Famciclovir

Back 25

Famvir

Front 26

Other name of Valacyclovir

Back 26

Valtrex

Front 27

Ganciclovir

Back 27

CMV retinitis. toxic to normal cells. IV or oral.

Tox: RD, bone marrow depress, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia.

Front 28

Cidofovir

Back 28

similar to ganciclovir.

Tox: nephrotoxicity, proteinuriea, increased creatinine, nausea vomitting, diarrhea, anorexia, ab pain, hair loss, rash, fever, anemias, amblyopia, conjuctivitis, hypotony.

Front 29

Other name of Ganciclovir gel

Back 29

Zirgan

Front 30

Ganciclovir Gel

Back 30

for acute herpatic keratitis.

Tox: blurred vision, irritation, SPK, conj. hpermia.

Front 31

Foscarnet

Back 31

for Aids patients with CMV retinitis. inhibits DNA pol and reverse transcriptse. no need for phosphorylation. IV.

Tox: frequent, decreased renal function. bone marrow suprresion, fever, nausea, anemia, diarrhea, vomitting, HA, seizures.

Front 32

Other name of Fomivirsen

Back 32

Vitravene

Front 33

Fomivirsen

Back 33

for CMV retinitis. antisense agent, blocks expression of 2 viral proteins. binds to mRNA.

Tox: similar toxicities. iritis, increased IOP, vitritis, cataracts.

Front 34

Amatadine

Back 34

anti-influenza. oral. Prophylactic for influenza A (not B). MOA: inhibit uncoating of virus (interferes with viral protein M2).

Tox: blurred visions, hallucinations, confusion, anxiety, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, depression, psychosis and CHF. increase actions of anticholigergics.

Front 35

Rimatidine

Back 35

Similar to Amantidine

Front 36

Zanamivir

Back 36

inhaled inhibitor of viral release (neuraminidase). A & B. Bronchosmasm

Front 37

Oseltamivir

Back 37

same as Zanamivir. inhaled inhibitor of viral release (neuraminidase). A can cause nausea.

Front 38

Name 3 Nucleoside RT inhibitors

Back 38

Retrovir, Hivid, Videx

Front 39

Nucleotide reverse transcriptor inhibitors

Back 39

must be triphosphorylated. inhibit reverse transcriptase.

Tox: bone marrow depression, neuropathy, pncreatitis. insomnia, nausea, HA.

Front 40

Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors

Back 40

no need to be phosphorylated. alter enzyme conformation. good for HIV-1. restistance rapid.

Tox: rash, HA, less frequent hepatits.

Front 41

Name 2 Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors

Back 41

Viramune, Rescriptor

Front 42

Protease inhibitors

Back 42

inhibition of enzyme to cleave viral polyprotein precursors. stops it from cleaving into parts to leave cell.

Tox: Nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, paresthesias. fatal interaction with AR, AC, benzo's

Front 43

Name 3 Protease Inhibitors

Back 43

Norvir, Crixivan, Invirase

Front 44

Fuzeon

Back 44

newest fusion inhibitor. binds to GP41, prevents conformational change. injected.

Tox: pain, redness, nodules, cysts. Eosinophillia, bacteria pneumonia.

Front 45

Fusion Inhibitors

Back 45

Fuzeon, Selzentry

Front 46

Selzentry

Back 46

oral, blocks entry of HIV

Tox: cough, fever, dizziness, HA, low BP, nausea, bladder irritation

Front 47

Integrase Inhibitors

Back 47

blocks ability of integration of HIV DNA into human DNA.

Tox: Diarrhea, nausea, HA, fever

Front 48

Name Integrase Inhibitor

Back 48

Raltegravir

Front 49

Catabolic Actions of Cortisol

Back 49

carb, protein, lipid metabolism.

Front 50

MOA of Amantadine and Rimantidine

Back 50

prevents uncoating of virus and interfere with viral assembly. stops viral protein M2