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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Life cycle of HIV, step 1
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Fusion of HIV to host cell surface
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Life cycle of HIV, step 2
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HIV RNA, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and other viral proteins enter the host cell
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Life cycle of HIV, step 3
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Viral DNA is formed by reverse transcription
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Life cycle of HIV, step 4
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Viral DNA is transported across the nucleus and integrates into the host DNA
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Life cycle of HIV, step 5
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New viral RNA is used as genomic RNA and to make viral proteins
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Life cycle of HIV, step 6
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New viral RNA and proteins move to the cell surface and a new immature, HIV forms
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Life cycle of HIV, step 7
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The virus matures by protease releasing individual HIV proteins
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Viral resistance: _____ makes lots of errors and results in frequent changes in protein sequences of its own genes
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Reverse transcriptase
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RT errors cause the rapid rate of ______ of the viral coat proteins
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Mutation
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Origin of resistant mutants during therapy is accentuated by a :
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Lack of compliance
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Resistance is often the explanation of ______ of therapy with combinations of drugs
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Failure
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There are _____ treatment options to deal with outgrowth of mutant viruses
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Reverse
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Testing for mutations is helpful/essential for directing new:
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Therapeutic regimens
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Normal human cells do not work in any of these ways:
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NRTIs, NNRTIs, protease and integrase inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists
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Missing the 3'-OH needed to extend DNA strand
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NRTI (nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
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NRTIs act as _____ for HIV reverse transcriptase
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Chain terminators
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NRTIs are used in:
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Combinations
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AZT, DDI,ZDV, D4T, DDC are all
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NRTIs
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Widely used prodrug form produced by addition of fluorine to d4t
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Tenofovir (TDF)
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NNRTIs
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Nevirapine, DDI, 3TC
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Active site inhibitors
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DDI, 3TC
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Non competitive inhibitors
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Nevirapine and other NNRTIs
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Active site and non competitive inhibitors together =
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Synergistic combo
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HIV: ______ end folds and cuts itself free
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Protease
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HIV: protease cuts at a site between the _____ and polymerase
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Integrase
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ATV, DRV are:
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HIV protease inhibitors
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Designed by fitting enzyme active site
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HIV protease inhibitors
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HIV protease inhibitors: stable peptide analogs
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Peptidomimetics
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Will not be chewed up by plasma and cellular enzymes b/c they are not peptides
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Peptidomimetics
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Integrase inhibitors
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RAL
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