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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
BP compensation pharmacological interventions:
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vasoconstrictors (norepi) and cardiotonic agents (dopa)
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_________ via normal homeostatic response includes increased aldosterone and ADH.
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BV compensation
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BV compensation pharmacological interventions:
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Whole-blood, crystalloids (5% dextrose/H2O), colloids (albumin)
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Colloids cannot enter ____ like crystalloids can.
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Cells
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Maintains plasma osmotic pressure, transports substances thru blood.
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MOA of colloids
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Primary use of colloids.
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Restoration of plasma volume and blood proteins
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Plasmanate, dextrans, serum albumin. They expand plasma volume and maintain blood pressure. What type of fluids are these?
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Colloids
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NS, LR, plasmalyte, hypertonic saline. Have concentrations of lytes resembling those of plasma
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Crystalloids
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Crystalloid MOA:
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Can readily leave blood and enter cells to expand blood and cell volume
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Primary use of crystalloids is to ______ fluids that have been lost and to promote _____:
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Replace; u/o
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Adverse effects of vasoconstrictors;sympathomimetics:
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tachycardia and hypertension
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MOA: strongly activate alpha-adrenergic receptor to increase bp; increase cardiac contractility via beta-receptors (positive inotropic effect)
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Vasoconstrictors/sympathomimetics (norepi)
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Primary use is to tx hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock. Adverse effects of arrhythmias, HTN, and gangrene.
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Inotropic agents
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Inotropic agents prototype drugs.
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Dopamine, dig, dobuta
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MOA of inotropic agents: increase intracellular ______ and strength of _____ which leads to increased CO.
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Ca; cardiac contraction
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Low dose dopa; dopaminergic effect, 'renal dose'
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2-5 mcg/kg /min
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High dose dopa; B-adrenergic effect, increase CO/BP
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5-10 mcg/kg/min
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Extremely high dose; 'pressor dose'
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10-20 mcg/kg/min
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Constriction of BSM, decreased CO, VD, and increased leakage from BV all occur during:
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Anaphylaxis
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Adverse effects of epi.
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HTN, arrhythmias
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MOA: use as nonselective adrenergic agonist --> vasoconstriction and increased cardiac contractility. Use in anaphylaxis.
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Epi
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