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115 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Ringer's Solution
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Replacement fluids (similar to plasma)
acidfying: pH 5.4 high Na+, low K+, high Cl-, some Ca+ no Mg, glucose, or protein |
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Normal saline (0.9%)
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Replacement fluids (similar to plasma)
acidiying (pH 5.0) high Na+, low K+, high Cl- no Mg, glucose, protein |
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Lactated Ringer's
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Replacement fluids (similar to plasma)
alkalizing: pH 6.6 high Na+ (lower than acidifying), low K+, lower Cl- than acidying, some Mg+, lactate no glucose |
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Normosol-R
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Replacement fluids (similar to plasma)
alkalinizing: 6.6pH high Na+ (lower than acidifying), low K+, lower Cl- than acidifying, some Mg+, proteins no glucose |
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Plasma-Lyte A
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Replacement fluids (similar to plasma)
alkalinizing: 7.4 pH high Na+ (lower than acidifying), low K+, lower Cl- than acidifying, some Mg+, proteins no glucose |
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2.5 dextrose/water in saline + potassium
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maintenance fluid (similar to ISF)
low pH, lower osmolality low Na+, higher K+, lower Cl- contains glucose |
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5% dextrose/water + lactated Ringer's + potassium
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maintenance fluid (similar to ISF)
low pH, lower osmolality low Na+, higher K+, lower Cl- contains glucose |
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Normosol-M + 5%dextrose
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maintenance fluid (Similar to ISH)
low pH, higher osmolality lower Na+, higher K+, lower Cl- contains glucose |
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Plasma-Lyte + 5% dextrose
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maintenance fluid (similar to ISF)
low pH, higher osmolality low Na+, high K+, low Cl- contains glucose |
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5% dextrose/water
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high osmolality solution
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50% dextrose/water
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high osmolality solution
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7.5% saline
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high osmolarity solution
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8.4% NaHCO3
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high osmolarity solution
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14.9% KCl
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high osmolarity solution
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plasma, alubimin
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natural colloids
have osmotic ability: remain in intravascular space and draw water in |
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dextrans (dextran 40, dextran 70)
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synthetic colloid
have osmotic ability: remain in intravascular space and draw water in |
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hetastarch, pentastarch
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synthetic colloid
have osmotic ability: remain in intravascular space and draw water in |
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Perfluorochemicals
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Oxygen carriers (have high O2 solubility)
used only in times of high O2 tension (i.e. under anesthesia during surgery) |
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Oxyglobin
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hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs)
purified bovine Hb promotes O2 delivery to tissues, has some colloid ability |
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acetominophen
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NSAID
don't use in animals (esp. not cats) |
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aspirin
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NSAID
irreversibly inhibits COX1 COX1 ++++ COX2 ---- |
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Carprofen
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NSAID
COX1 + COX2 +++ anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ibuprofen type most commonly used in canine temporal associ. with bone marrow necrosis |
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Deracoxib
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NSAID
COX2 inhibitor |
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Diclofenac
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, acetic acid derivative COX1 ++ COX2 ++ |
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Etodolac
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, acetic acid derivative keratoconjunctivitis secca |
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Firocoxib
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NSAID
COX2 inhibitor |
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Flunixin
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, anilinonicotonic acid derivative COX1 +++ COX2 + only FDA-approved drug for use in food animals most commonly used in bovine, equine, caprine, ovine |
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Fluniprofen
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ibuprofen type |
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Ibuprofen
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ibuprofen type don't use in animals |
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Ketoprofen
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ibuprofen type COX1 ++++ COX2 + |
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Meloxicam
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, isoxicam type COX1 + COX2 +++ commonly used in avian, canine, feline assoc. with acute renal failure and death in cats with repeated use |
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Naproxen
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NSAID
anti-inflamamtory |
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Phenylbutazone
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, analgesic commonly used in equine, exotics COX1 ++++ COX2 ---- |
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Piroxicam
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, isoxicam type |
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Robenacoxib
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NSAID
COX2 inhibitor |
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Tepoxalin
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NSAID
anti-inflammatory, anilinonicotonic acid derivative |
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Hydrocortisone
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short-acting glucocorticoid
glucocorticoid + mineralocorticoid action |
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Cortisone
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short-acting glucocorticoid
0.8*gluco + mineral action |
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Prednisone
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short-acting glucocorticoid
4*gluc + some mineral action altnerate day therapy okey |
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Prednisolone
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short-acting glucocorticoid
4*gluco + some mineral action alternate-day therapy okay |
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Methylprednisolone
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short-acting glucocorticoid
5*gluco + some mineral action alternate-day therapy okay |
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Triamcinolone
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intermediate-acting glucocorticoid
5*gluco action some HPAA suppression |
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Flumethasone
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long-acting glucocorticoid
15*gluco action HPAA suppression |
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Dexamethasone
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long-acting glucocorticoid
30*gluco HPAA suppression |
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Betamethasone
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long-acting glucocorticoid
30*gluco action HPAA suppression |
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Cyclosporine
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immunosuppressive drug
Calcineurin inhibitor --> inhibits IL-2, blocks proliferation of T-cells metab. in liver side effects: vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea |
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Tacrolimus
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immunosuppressive drug
Calcineurin inhibitor --> inhibits IL-2, blocks proliferation of T cells |
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Cyclophosphamide
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Immunosuppressive drug
antiproliferative, alkylating agent causes DNA damage: interferes with DNA replication, RNA transcription/replication, disrupts nucleic acid function side effects: myelosuppression, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
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Chlorambucil
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Immunosuppressive drug
antiproliferative, alkylating agent causes DNA damage, interferes with DNA replication, RNA transcription/replication, disrupts nucleic acid function |
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Azathioprine
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Immunosuppressive drug
antimetabolite: antagonizes purine metabolism, inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis side effects: bone marrow depression, GI distress, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity |
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Mycophenolate
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immunosuppressive drug
antimetabolite: inhibits enzymes in purine synthesis pathway |
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Methotrexate
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immunsuppressive drug
antimetabolite: inhibits folic acid reductase, inhibits lymphocyte replication side effects: diarrhea, nausea, ulceration, hematopoietic toxicity, alopecia |
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Dapsone
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Immunosuppressive drug
mechanism unknown: decreases neutrophil chemotaxis, complement activation, Ab production, lysosomal enzyme synthesis |
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Danazol
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Immunosuppressive drug
mechanism unknonw: synthetic androgen that suppresses pituitary-ovarian axis, inhibits synthesis of sex steroids |
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gold salts
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immunosuppressive drug
mechanism unknown |
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GnRH
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ovulation induction
infertility therapy suppress gonadotropins |
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gonadorelin
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synthetic GnRH
ovulation induction infertility treatment induces ovulation in cattle and horses (OvSynch protocol) |
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FSH
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gonadotropin
follicle development, ET |
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hCG
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gonadotropin
ovulation induction, infertility therapy cystic ovaries in cows, induce estrous cycles |
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eCG
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gonadotropin
ovulatoin induction, ovarian follicular growth infertility therapy |
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Prolactin
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gonadotropin
stimulates milk production |
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Oxytocin
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ecbolic agent
stimulates frequency and force of uterine contractions milk letdown |
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Altrenogest
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progestin
synchronization of estrus in mare and pig |
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Melengesterol acetate (MGAs)
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progestin
syncrhonization of estrus in cattle |
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Megesrol acetate
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progestin
syncrhonization of estrus in dogs |
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Progesterone CIDR
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progestin
synchronization of estrus in cattle, sheep, goats, mares |
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Testosterone
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androgen
used in dogs, cats, cattle |
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Nandrolone
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androgen
catabolic disease states in horses and dogs |
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Stanazol
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anabolic steroid, androgen
catabolic disease state in horses and dogs --hepatotoxicity in cats, weight gain, sodium retention, undesirable androgen effects |
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Boldenone
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anabolic steroid, androgen
used to treat debilitated horses |
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Trenbolone
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androgen implant
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Mibolerone
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androgen
used in small animals to suppress estrus |
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Finasteride
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anti-androgen
blocks conversion of testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy in dogs --inappetance |
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dinoprost
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prostaglandin
regulatoin of estrous cycle in ruminants induction of abortion |
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cloprostenol
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prostaglandin
induction of parturition in sows, induction of abortion |
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Metoclopramide
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dopamine agonist, prolactin enhancer
--rare reaction reported in humans: tardive dyskinesia |
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Domperidone
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dopamine agonist
approved in horses for Fescue toxicity --premature lactation, failure of passive transfer, undesirable prokinetic effect |
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Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
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steroid hormones
used in dogs for incontinence prohibited for extralabel use in food animal --human risk |
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estradiol
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steroid hormones
used to induce estrus --bone marrow suppression |
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Diphenhydramine
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H1 antagonist
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Dimenhydrinate
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H1 antagonist, anti-emetic
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Promethazine
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H1 antagonist, anti-emetic
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Chloropromazine
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Phenothiazine
D2 antagonist, alpha1 antagonist, may block His and muscarinic |
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Prochlorperazine
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Phenothiazine
D2 antagonist, alpha1 antagonist, may block His and muscarinic |
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Acepromazine
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Phenothiazine
D2 antagonist, alpha1 antagonist, may block His and muscarinic |
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Triflupromazine
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Phenothiazine
D2 antagonist, alpha1 antagonist, may block His and muscarinic |
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Triethylperazine
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Phenothiazine
D2 antagonist, alpha1 antagonist, may block His and muscarinic |
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Methscopolamine
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Anticholinergic/antimuscarinic
antiemetic |
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Isopropamide
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Muscarinic antagonist
antiemetic |
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Ondansetron
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5-HT3 antagonist
antiemetic |
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Granisetron
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5-HT3 antagonist
antiemetic |
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Palonasetron
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5-HT3 antagonist
antiemetic |
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Dolasetron
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5-HT3 antagonist
anti-emetic |
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Maropitant
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NK-1 blocker
anti-emetic |
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Metoclopramide
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D2 antagonist, 5-HT4 agonist, 5-HT3 antagonist
anti-emetic, prokinetic |
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Cisapride
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D2 antagonist
prokinetic (early GI tract) |
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Bethanechol
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cholinergic agonist
prokinetic |
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Lidocaine
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(Na+ channel blocker)
inhibits intestinal inflammation, suppresses transmission of sympathetic tone, anti-endotoxin, anti-inflammatory prokinetic |
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aluminum hydroxide
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antacid: neutralizes stomach acid
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magnesium hydroxide
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antacid: neutralizes stomach acid
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calcium carbonate
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antacid: neutralizes stomach acid
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Cimetidine
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H2 antagonist: inhibits gastric acid secretion
inhibits P450 |
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Ranitidine
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H2 antagonist: inhibits gastric acid secretion
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Nizatidine
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H2 antagonist: inhibits gastric acid secretion
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Famotidine
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H2 antagonist: inhibits gastric acid; very potent
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Omeprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
can produce complete inhibition of acid secretion, aspiration pneumonia |
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Lansoprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
can produce complete inhibition of acid secretion, aspiration pneumonia |
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Rabeprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
can produce complete inhibition of acid secretion, aspiration pneumonia |
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Pantoprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
can produce complete inhibition of acid secretion, aspiration pneumonia |
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Esomeprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
can produce complete inhibition of acid secretion, aspiration pneumonia |
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misopristol
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synthetic prostaglandins, PGE1 analog
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Bisacodyl
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stimulant (irritant) laxatives
inhibit Na-K ATPase to increase water in GI tract, stimulate mechanoreceptors |
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Magnesium sulfate
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hyperosmotic cathartics (saline carthartic)
nonabsorbed electrolytes induce fluid to move into bowel via osmotic activity |
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wheat bran
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hydrophilic colloids, bulk laxatives
nonabsorbed polysaccharide/cellulose derivates resistant to digestion |
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mineral oil
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lubricant laxatives
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