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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A pathological process with inadequate blood flow to meet the body's needs d/t heart failure is called shock.
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False
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Vasodilation induced by changes in function of the autonomic nervous system may result in a neurogenic shock.
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True
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Although whole blood replacement is mainly used for shock tx under special conditions such as serious loss of blood, colloids and crystalloids are more commonly used in tx of shock.
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True
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Crystalloids increase blood volume, maintaining bp b/c they stay suspended in blood and hold water
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False
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Colloids maintain fluide balance in extra and intra-cellular spaces and expand blood and cell volume
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False
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Norepi raises bp and enhances cardiac contractility in tx of shock
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True
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The dopminergic effect is a main mechanism for dopamine to enhance cardiac contraction
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False
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During anaphylaxis, the initial drug of choice is epi, which can rapidly reverse hypotension
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True
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The major cause for cardiogenic shock is:
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Failure of the heart to pump sufficient blood
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A pt suffering from shock usually has increased but weak heart beats b/c of:
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Sympathetic excitement
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Which agent can NOT be used to maintain plasma osmotic pressure and expand plasma volume?
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NS
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Which drug is the first choice to give when a pt suffers from a rapid fall of bp and increase in HR when receiving a PCN injection?
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EPI
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In crystalloid solutions, there are some components with concentrations resembling those of plasma, which are:
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Electrolytes
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A pt with acute shock and cardiac arrest should immediately be given a potent vasoconstrictor drug which is:
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Norepi
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Which drug group is not appropriate for the tx of shock d/t anaphylaxis?
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Sympathoplegic agents
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What therapeutic intervention is not important for tx of shock?
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Use of diuretics
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Name a fluid suitable to maintain plasma osmotic pressure during tx of shock.
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Colloids
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What drug or therapeutic intervention can be used to produce vasoconstriction and enhance myocardial contractility?
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Norepi
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During tx of shock, the md wants to expand both blood and cell volume and thereby maintain fluid balance in extra- and intra-cellular spaces. What drug or intervention would be best?
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Crystalloids
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During cardiogenic shock, drugs are particularly needed to enhance the blood pumping fx of the heart and at the same time to decrease workload. What drug is appropriate for this purpose?
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Dopamine
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Inadequate blood flow to vital organs b/c of low bp, low tissue perfusion.
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Shock
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A common mechanism of shock via low blood volume is:
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Microcirculation failure
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Anaphylactic shock can result in vasodilation from:
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Histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes
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This type of shock causes vasodilation and increased permeability of capillaries and can lead to ARDS or DIC.
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Septic
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Severity of shock: grade 1
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15% of loss of effective blood volume (750ml)
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Severity of shock: grade 2
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15-30% loss of effective BV (750-1500ml)
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Severity of shock: grade 3. Uncompensated
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30-40% loss of effective BV (1500-2000ml)
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Severity of shock: grade 4. Unable to compensate, leads to death.
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40-50% loss of effective BV (2000-2500 ml)
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Pharmacotherapeutic goals of shock tx include:
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Increase BP and BV; remove cause
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______________ from the SNS includes increased renin/angiotensin and increased adrenergic activity.
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BP compensation
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