Pharm Exam 1- 2014

Front 1

Rapid, moment-to-moment adjustments to BP:

Back 1

Baroreceptor reflex

Front 2

responsible for long term BP control:

Back 2

Renal system

Front 3

Capacitance vessels:

Back 3

Venules

Front 4

Resistance vessels:

Back 4

Arterioles

Front 5

Renal consequence of sustained HTN:

Back 5

Fibrinoid necrosis

Front 6

Act on early distal tubule to inhibit Na reabsorption;

Back 6

Thiazides

Front 7

Act on loop on Henle, most potent:

Back 7

Loop Diuretics

Front 8

Act on late distal tubule, has a weak action, used in combination therapy:

Back 8

K-sparing agents

Front 9

Act on central alpha-2-receptors to reduce sympathetic outflow from vasopressor centers in the brainstem which decreases HR--> decreased CO--> decreased BP. Name the drug class, prototype drugs.

Back 9

Centrally acting sympatholytic agents; clonidine and alpha-methyldopa

Front 10

Has the adverse effects of sedation, mental depression, and withdrawal effect.

Back 10

Clonidine and alpha-methyldopa

Front 11

Selective alpha1-receptor blocker, dilate both resistance and capacitance vessels --> decreased BP. Name the drug class and prototype drug.

Back 11

Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist; prazosin

Front 12

DOC in hypertensive crisis, pheochromocytoma. Does not produce reflex tach with the decreased BP.

Back 12

alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists; prazosin

Front 13

Non-selective b-receptor blocker, decreases HR and myocardial contractility--> decreased CO and BP. Name the drug class and prototype drug.

Back 13

B-adrenoreceptor antagonist, propranolol

Front 14

4 uses of propranolol:

Back 14

Mild to moderate HTN, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, glaucoma

Front 15

Name 2 BB that inhibit central sympathetic tone but don't cross the CNS:

Back 15

nadolol, sotalolol

Front 16

B-antagonists primarily effect ____ receptors and anti-HT effect develops slowly.

Back 16

Cardiac B1-receptors

Front 17

B1-receptors mediate _______ release.

Back 17

Renin

Front 18

Relax smooth muscle of the arterioles --> decreased TPR --> decreased BP through NO/cGMP medicated vasodilation, dilates arterioles BUT NOT veins. Name the drug class and prototype drug.

Back 18

Direct vasodilators; hydralazine

Front 19

Direct vasodilators are not _____ but are usually given with BB or diuretics.

Back 19

Frontline

Front 20

Direct vasodilators like hydralazine can cause bradycardia which can lead to:

Back 20

Reflex tach

Front 21

Primary use is severe HTN and hypertensive crisis. Has the adverse effects of reflex tach---> angina, H/A, nausea, sweating and flushing.

Back 21

Direct vasodilators (hydralazine)

Front 22

Direct vasodilators mediate relaxation via the NO-cGMP mechanism and:

Back 22

Myosin-LC

Front 23

Frontline class of drugs is Ca channel blockers that inhibit CA influx into the myocardial and ______ myocytes, dilate _____ --> decreased TPR and BP.

Back 23

Arterial, arterioles

Front 24

Prototype drug for Ca channel blockers, adverse effects of constipation, dizziness, and flushing.

Back 24

Nifedipine

Front 25

Primary use is angina, HTN, arrhythmia, elderly, and in African-Americans.

Back 25

Ca channel blockers

Front 26

Name a Ca channel blocker that is mainly used for heart issues. This is due to its ability to decrease myocardial contraction and nodal conduction.

Back 26

Verapamil

Front 27

Name a Ca channel blocker that is mainly used for HTN because of its peripheral vasodilatory effects.

Back 27

Nifedipine

Front 28

Vasodilators work best in combination with :

Back 28

Other medications

Front 29

Decreased renal Na excretion, increased renin, and increased sympathetic activity will all _____ and are a ______ response to use of vasodilators.

Back 29

Increase BP; compensatory

Front 30

A decreased renal Na excretion is corrected by:

Back 30

Diuretics

Front 31

An increased renin is corrected by:

Back 31

ACEI/ARB

Front 32

An increased in sympathetic activity is corrected by:

Back 32

BB

Front 33

Block the formation of angiotensin II, dilates arteries and decreases Na and water retention --> decreased BP. Name the drug class and prototype drug.

Back 33

ACEI; enalapril and lisinopril

Front 34

Preferred first medication to use in a pt with newly diagnosed HTN and DM.

Back 34

ACEI

Front 35

ACEI will result ____% of pts developing a persistent cough.

Back 35

20

Front 36

If a pt cannot tolerate an ACEI, switch them to an:

Back 36

ARB

Front 37

Blocks angiotensin receptors in arterial smooth muscle and adrenal glands. Name the drug class and prototype drug.

Back 37

ARB, losartan

Front 38

BB efficacy may _____ as age increases.

Back 38

Decrease

Front 39

BB are ____ effective in smokers.

Back 39

Less

Front 40

_____ people respond less to BB and ACEI.

Back 40

Black

Front 41

BB and ACEI better increase plasma _____ level.

Back 41

Renin