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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pregnancy Test |
Detects hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) 1 to 2 weeks after conception hCG produced by trophoblastic cells |
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Pregnancy test false positive |
Miscarriage Birth in the prev. 8 wks ovarian cysts / ectopic pregnancy Medications: Pergonal, Profasi |
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Pregnancy test false negative |
Test performed before 1st day of missed period Refrigerated urine waxed cups or containers w/ soap residue |
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Female Fertility Test |
Basal thermometer Ovulation Prediction tests OV-watch |
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Basal thermometer |
Take temp in the morning Rise in temp (0.4 to 1F) means ovulation has occured; most fertile in next 24 to 48 hours |
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Basal thermometer interferences |
Emotions Movements Infections *limit eating, drinking, smoking or talking |
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Urine Hormone Tests |
Detect LH surge using monoclonal antibodies Early morning collection is recommended; begin to test 2-4 days before estimated ovulation Estimate by averaging past 3 cycles or shortest cycle |
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Urine Hormone tests false positives |
PCOS Menopause Breastfeeding Medications: - clomid - pergonal - profasi - femara - premarin, estradiol (HRT) - tetracycline - Hormonal contraceptives |
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ov watch |
measures Cl- surge before (5 days) ovulation wear @ least 6h during sleep starting day 1-3 of menstrual cycle |
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OV watch interferences |
Excessive moisture hormonal contraceptives menopause liver and kidney dx breast feeding PCOS |
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Male fertility tests |
measures sperm conc as above or below 20 mil. cells per liter Two tests to confirm; 3-7days apart SpermCheck is the only available on the market |
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Blood glucose testing |
Diabetics should check their blood glucose at least once a day PTs on insulin should check levels - prior to meals and after - bedtime - b4 exercise - after tx hypoglycemia |
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Diabetes testing supplies |
Glucometer Lancets Lancing device Test Strips Alcohol Pads |
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Diabetes glucose levels |
Low: < 70 HIgh: >240 Normal: 80 - 130; <180 post-prandial |
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Colorectal Bleeding |
2nd leading cause of cancer death self-screening is for occult blood, not diagnosis |
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Fecal occult blood tests |
Toilet test Manual stool application collection kits sent to lab |
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Examples of Fecal occult blood tests |
EZ-Detect Early Detect Colorectal Colon Test-Senesitive |
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False Positive Fecal occult blood tests |
Crohn's dx Colitis Anal fissures Diverticulitis Hemorrhoids Menstruation Toilet bowl cleaners Meds: ASA, NSAIDs, steroids |
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False Negative Fecal occult blood tests |
Vit C ingestion of > 250mg/day |
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Colorectal Cancer risk factors |
Age Red and processed meat Fam. Hx Intestinal polyps Ulcerative colitis |
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Chol. statistic |
14% of Americans have high cholesterol |
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Cholesterol Test Interferences |
Poor finger technique Excessive squeezing sample too small longer than 5 min Vit C > 500 |
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UTI |
4 million visits/ year E. coli responsible for 80% |
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Risk factors of UTI |
pregnancy Diabetes Urinary stones urinary obstructions (catheters/enlarged prostate) hx of UTIs |
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Sx of UTI |
Pain on urination urgency to urinate frequent urination blood in urine lower abd pain |
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MOA of UTI tests |
UTI Home Test: detects nitriites Azo Test Strips: detects both nitrites & leukocyte esterase |
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UTI false positives |
Dyes or Phenazopyridine Urine = orange |
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UTI false negatives |
Stict vegetarian diet tetracyline Vit C > 250 mg |
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HIV Stats |
50000 new cases yearly 18% undiagnised |
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Types of HIV Tests |
Oraquick: saliva sample; faster results Home Access: Blood sample |
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Interferences HIV Test |
Inadequate blood sample or gum swabbing Turnaround time (90 day window for antibodies) |
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Hep C stats |
1 out of 6 Hep viruses 3.2 million infected most common blood-borne infection in the US |
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Hep C Test |
Hep C Check: blood sample, tests for antibodies using ELISA |
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Hep C Interferences |
Inadequate blood sample |
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Drug abuse tests |
Some not FDA approved |
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Drug abuse urine test |
Immunochromatographic assay Positive is no line, negative is a line Timeframe: hours to 3 days |
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Drug abuse hair test |
radioimmunoassay then gas chromatography - mass spectometry Timeframe: 90 days |
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Drug abuse false positives |
decongestants, antidiarrheals, cough medicine w/ codeine or dextromethorphan poppy seed |
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BP values |
120/80 = normal 121-139/81-89 = Pre-high >140/90 = high HOme setting >135/85 is elevated |
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Types of BP monitors |
Mercury Column : standard Aneroid: 2nd most accurate Digital: Varies |
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BP Interferences |
Stress Tobacco Caffeine Pseudoephedrine |
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Miscellaneous Home tests |
Alcohol Screening Visiderm (moles) Breat self-exam Vaginal screening kit (bact. inf.) TobcAlert/NicAlert My Allergy Test IDENTIGENE DNA test Earcheck (middle ear) Menopause Test |
