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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acyclovir and Ganciclovir: mechanism
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Guanosine analogs
Incorporated into DNA and prevent elongation in DNA synthesis |
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What does HSV-1 cause?
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Cold sores
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What does HSV-2 cause?
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Genital herpes
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Acyclovir: uses
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HSV-1
HSV-2 Varicella virus |
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Gancyclovir: uses
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Cytomegalovirus
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Acyclovir and Gancyclovir pathway
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Drug-->phosphorylation to monophosphate by thymidine kinase-->phosphorylation to triphosphate by cellular kinase-->incorporation into DNA by DNA polymerase
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Cedovir: uses
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Cytomegalovirus retinitis
Stockpiled for smallpox or monkeypox breakout Off label for molluscum contagiosum, adenovirus, HPV, BK, JC virus |
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Adefovir dipivoxil: uses
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Hepatitis B
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Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: uses
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HIV infections in combo with nucleoside analog
Chronic HBV |
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How are acyclic nucleoside phosphonates different from acyclovir and ganciclovir?
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They are already phosphorylated (monophosphate)
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Adefovir and Tenofovir: administration
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Oral
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Cedovir: administration
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IV, Topical (cream, eyedrops)
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Ribavirin: mechanism
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1. Favors Th1 over Th2 response against viruses
2. Inhibit IMP dehydrogenase to deplete GTP pools-->decrease nucleic acid synthesis 3.Incorporation into strand causing chain termination or inhibit RNA polymerase 4. Incorporation into genome-->mutagen |
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Phosphonoformic acid: mechanism
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Binds to pyrophosphate binding site of DNA polymerases -- noncompetitive inhibitor
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Phosphonoformic acid: side effects
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Accumulates in bone
Too toxic for kidney for non-life threatening diseases |
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Inhibitors of viral DNA polymerase: list
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Acyclovir
Ganciclovir Acyclovir derivatives Cidofovir Adefovir Tenofovir Ribavirin Phosphonoformic acid |
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Enfuvirtide: mechanism
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Inhibits fusion of HIV envelope with cell membrane--binds to gp41 protein
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Selzentry/Maraviroc: mechanism
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Inhibit fusion of HIV envelope with membrane of CD4 and macrophages-->CCR5 co-receptor
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Drugs that inhibit HIV entry into cells
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Enfuvirtide
Salzentry |
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Azidothymidine: mechanism
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Nucleoside analog of thymidine
Competitive inhibitor of reverse transcriptase Substrate for DNA strand-->chain termination |
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Inhibitors of HIV protease
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Saquinavir
Indinavir |
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Saquinavir and Idinavir: mechanism
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Peptidomimetic compounds-mimic proteins/peptides cleaved by HIV proteases and thereby inhibit them
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Tipranavir: class
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Non-peptidomimetic inhibitor of HIV protease
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Raltegravir: mechanism
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Molecular inhibitor of HIV integrase-->prevent infection by HIV since cannot integrate into cellular DNA
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Is Raltegravir used as monotherapy or with HAART?
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HAART. Resistance will develop quickly if monotherapy
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Ribavirin: uses
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HCV in combo with interferon alpha
Influenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus with and without monoclonal antibody |
