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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Short acting glucocorticoid
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Hydrocortisone, cortisone. 8-12 hrs
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Intermediate acting glucocorticoid
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Prednisone, prednisolone, methylpredisolone. 18-36 hrs
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Long acting clucocorticoid
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dexamethasone, betamethasone. 24-72 hrs
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Addison's crisis
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lethargy, vomitin, diarrhea, dehydration, low blood pressure, confusion, hyponatremia and hypoglycemia, loss of consciousness, convulsions, fatal
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Effect of glucocorticoids at the molecular level
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positive or negative modulation of several genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses, RBC AND WBC PRODUCTION AND CYTOKINES.
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Effect of glucocorticoids at the cellular level
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inhibits access of leukocytes to the inflammatory site, interfere with function of leukocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts and suppress the production and effects of multiple factors involved in the inflammatory response. Increases circulating neutrophils, hemoglobin and hematocrit, decreases circulation lymphocytes, eocutes, basophils, monocytes and macrophages
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Effects of glucocorticoids at the systemic level
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increased blood glucose levels, mild increase in blood pressure, decreased immune function.
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Tachyphylaxis
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the rapid decrease in the response to a drug over a short period of time
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What must accompany ocular steroids in the treatment of HSV
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Antiviral medication
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The anti- inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids
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Inhibition of phospholipase A2-->blocking the release of arachadonic acid, the precursor to prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Histamine and kinin release is also suppressed.
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SIde effects of glucocorticoids
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decreased resistance to infections
hyperglycemia with possible diabetes severe bone loss avascular necrosis cataracts, myopathy, thinning skin, diminished would healing, easy bruising, insomnia, altered mental state with possible mania, increased appetite, wt gain, skin atrophy, cushing's syndrome, Addison's if rapidly withdrawn. |
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mineralocorticoid effect
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caused by aldosterone activity resulting in sodium retention, bicarbonate and water retention and the loss of potassium due to decreased reabsorption.
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MOA for Hydrocortisone/cortef
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affects gene transcription to either stimulate or repress protein production
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Indications for use of glucocorticoids
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Inflammation and allergic conditions
Reactive airway disease Allergies such as rhinitis, hay fever, drug allergy Arthritis Auto- immune conditions replacement therapy for Addison's Nasal polyps, Lichen's planu, spinal cord trauma, shock, corneal injuries or infections, opthalmologic procedures, bacterial meningitis, septic shock, blood transfusion reaction, Idiopathic or immune thrombocytopenia, seborrhea, severe insect bites, hemorrhoids |
