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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the two mechansims of tolerance
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1) Metabolic (pharmacokinetic): in which body breaks down drug faster --> same drug dose produces lower plasma levels
2) Cellular (pharmacodynamic): CNS adaptation such that same dose produces less effect |
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Tachyphylaxis
1) What is it? 2) Mechanisms? |
1) Acute tolerance
2) NT depletion or binge induced common |
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Withdrawal
1) Opioids and sedative-hypnotics 2) Stimulants 3) Marijuana, THC, delta tetrahydrocannibol |
1) Common
2) Less consistent and dramatic 3) Yes |
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What is main pathway involved in drug abuse and dependence?
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DA reward pathway. Drugs either act at synapse or very close to it.
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Basic rewards pathway?
Describe the 3 components? |
VTA --> MFB --> Nacc
1) Stage 1 Fibers: Activated by electrical brain stimulation reward, travel rather quickly, myelinated caudally in MFB to synapse in Ventral Mesencephalic Nuclei on cell bodies of ascending mesotelencephalic DA system 2) Meso DA neurons for crucial drug sensitive part of reward circuit. It's fibers run rostro caudally in MFB to Nacc. Project to mesolimbic DA terminal loci. 3rd Stage fibers: Some enkephalinergic and/or Gaba ergic neurons carry signal from NAcc to or via Ventral Pallidum |
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Nicotine: Acute effects (5)
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1) Mild stimulation or sedation
2) Reduces tension or anxiety 3) Increases pain threshold 4) Improves speed/accuracy of processing information 5) Suppresses appetite |
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Nicotine: Drug classification
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CNS stimulant
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Nicotine: Mechanism of action
1) Receptors bound 2) Biphasic pharmacology 3) Autonomic and CV responses |
1) Both peripheral and central acetylchoine receptors. Centrally causes more NT release, peripherally acts on sympathetic system
2) Low doses stimulate receptors High doses block receptors 3) Vary |
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Nicotine: Treatment of Dependence
1) Nicotine replacement options |
1) Patch
2) Gum 3) Inhalar 4) Nasal spray |
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Bupropion
1) Other names 2) Use of drug 3) Mechanism 4) Affect 5) Side effects |
1) Zyban, Wellbutin
2) Treatment of nicotine dependence 3) Acts as antidepressent with weak inhibition of NE and 5HT reuptake 4) --> dose related stimulant effects 5) Can produce seizures, avoid use in epileptics and easting disorders |
