• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/19

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the acute complications of diabetes mellitus?
hypoglycemia
diabetic ketoacidosis
hyperosmolar hyperglycemia non-ketotic syndrome
What am I:
due to lipid metabolism
increased gluconeogenesis and ketogensis
diabetic ketoacidosis
What are the ketone bodies?
acetoacetate
beta hydroxybutyrate
acetone
What am I:
diagnosed by severe hyperglycemia and serum hyperosmolarity and absence of significant ketosis
HHNKS (hyperosomolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome)
What are the signs/symptoms of HHNKS?
hyperglycemia
extreme dehydration
hyperosmolar plasma
altered consciousness
What are the complications associated with HHNKS?
coma
seizures
death
What is the treatment for HHNKS?
rehydration
insulin
What are the chronic complications of diabetes?
hyperglycemia and non-ezymatic glycosylation
hyperglycemia and the polyol pathway
protein kinase C
microvascular disease
macrovascular disease
infection
What am I:
irreversible attachment of glucose to collagen in blood vessel walls and interstitial tissue causing cross-linking of proteins
leads to tissue injury and cell proliferation
forms advanced glycosylation end- products
non-enzymatic glycosylation
What is the result of advanced glycosylation end products?
trap proteins
bind to cell receptors on macrophages
induce lipid oxidation and oxidative stress
inactivates nitric oxide resulting in vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation
What is the result of activating protein kinase C and MAPK?
blocking of blood vessel
What am I:
results from formation of sorbitol and fructose from glucose in tissue that don't requre insulin for glucose uptake (eye)
get accumulation of sorbitol that attracts water and increases osmotic pressure (swelling and cataracts)
polyol pathway retinopathy
What leads to diabetic nephropathy?
increased intragromerular capillary pressure
increased GFR
protein glycation
What am I:
thickening of the capillary basement membrane, endothelial cell proliferation, and thrombosis
diabetic microangiopathy
What does diabetic microangiopathy result in?
diabetic retinopathy
diabetic nephropathy
diabetic neuropathy
This disease is due to hyperglycemia and protein glycosylation and microvascular damage
diabetic peripheral neuropathy
what are the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy?
tingling of toes and ankles
burning in feet (worsens at night)
pain when wearing shoes or standing
How do you treat diabetic neuropathy?
pregabalin (Lyrica)
What is the MOA of Lyrica?
inhibits voltage gated Ca channels in CNS resulting in decrease neural output and pain