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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the acute complications of diabetes mellitus?
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hypoglycemia
diabetic ketoacidosis hyperosmolar hyperglycemia non-ketotic syndrome |
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What am I:
due to lipid metabolism increased gluconeogenesis and ketogensis |
diabetic ketoacidosis
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What are the ketone bodies?
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acetoacetate
beta hydroxybutyrate acetone |
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What am I:
diagnosed by severe hyperglycemia and serum hyperosmolarity and absence of significant ketosis |
HHNKS (hyperosomolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome)
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What are the signs/symptoms of HHNKS?
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hyperglycemia
extreme dehydration hyperosmolar plasma altered consciousness |
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What are the complications associated with HHNKS?
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coma
seizures death |
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What is the treatment for HHNKS?
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rehydration
insulin |
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What are the chronic complications of diabetes?
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hyperglycemia and non-ezymatic glycosylation
hyperglycemia and the polyol pathway protein kinase C microvascular disease macrovascular disease infection |
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What am I:
irreversible attachment of glucose to collagen in blood vessel walls and interstitial tissue causing cross-linking of proteins leads to tissue injury and cell proliferation forms advanced glycosylation end- products |
non-enzymatic glycosylation
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What is the result of advanced glycosylation end products?
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trap proteins
bind to cell receptors on macrophages induce lipid oxidation and oxidative stress inactivates nitric oxide resulting in vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation |
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What is the result of activating protein kinase C and MAPK?
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blocking of blood vessel
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What am I:
results from formation of sorbitol and fructose from glucose in tissue that don't requre insulin for glucose uptake (eye) get accumulation of sorbitol that attracts water and increases osmotic pressure (swelling and cataracts) |
polyol pathway retinopathy
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What leads to diabetic nephropathy?
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increased intragromerular capillary pressure
increased GFR protein glycation |
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What am I:
thickening of the capillary basement membrane, endothelial cell proliferation, and thrombosis |
diabetic microangiopathy
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What does diabetic microangiopathy result in?
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diabetic retinopathy
diabetic nephropathy diabetic neuropathy |
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This disease is due to hyperglycemia and protein glycosylation and microvascular damage
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diabetic peripheral neuropathy
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what are the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy?
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tingling of toes and ankles
burning in feet (worsens at night) pain when wearing shoes or standing |
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How do you treat diabetic neuropathy?
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pregabalin (Lyrica)
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What is the MOA of Lyrica?
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inhibits voltage gated Ca channels in CNS resulting in decrease neural output and pain
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