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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Locke rejected Descartes' "intuitions" that allowed him to restore his system of... |
belief |
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Locke rejected Descartes' exclusively deductive method and supplanted it with a method appropriate to generalizations from ... |
experience or induction |
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Locke also modified the demand for... |
"perfect certainty" and allowed for probability |
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Locke's essay Concerning Human Understanding is build on a single premise: |
namely that all our knowledge comes from experience |
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tabula Rasa |
blank tablet |
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In his theory, Locke uses 3 familiar terms: |
-sensation -ideas (our immediate perception of an object) -quality (what we have called attribute-redness, roundness, etc.) |
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Primary qualities |
those properties of the object themselves, size and shape |
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Secondary qualities |
those properties that we notice objects as having - color, texture, etc. |
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Subjective idealism |
doctrine that there are no material substances, no physical objects, ONLY MINDS AND IDEAS IN MIND |
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Subjective idealism emerges from Locke's position in 3 steps... |
1. It accepts the argument that we have no idea what a substance might be; we can know only qualities 2. the distinction between primary and secondary qualities cannot be a distinction between properties inherent in the objects as opposed to properties that the objects simply cause in us 3. once one has agreed that all knowledge of the world is based on experience, the question becomes: why should we ever think that there is anything other than our experiences? |
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simple idea |
red, round |
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complex idea |
apply |
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causation
hint: events |
one event bringing about or causing another event |
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Relation of ideas |
demonstrative |
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matters of fact |
moral |
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Analytic truth (1 of the 3 rules) |
Rule for "setting up our world" |
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Induction (1 of the 3 rules) |
Neither based on experience nor a trivial truth, but a rule with which we govern all of our experience |
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Tautology (1 of the 3 rules) |
Rule that we use to constitute our experience, namely, that we shall always interpret our experience of objects in space as external to us and as material or substantial |
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Hume's fork |
"(1) I have recognized a certain cause-and-effect relationship in my past experience, and (2) I predict that a similar cause-and-effect relationship will hold in the future also |
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Kant believed that our "ideas" - our concepts and language - somehow... |
shape and "set up" the world |
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Transcendental deduction: |
Basic rules of human experience |
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absolutists |
one set of rules (Plato, Descartes) |
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relativists |
many sets of rules (Sophists) |
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Hegel |
-German philosopher, author of Phenomenology of Spirit (1770-1831) -argued that there were many different views of the world, that non of them should be thought to be wholly correct or incorrect in exclusion of the others |
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dialectic |
Hegel's famously term that means knowledge develops through conflict and confrontation |
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Karl Marx (in reference to Hegel) |
-Karl Marx thought that Hegel had turned the dialectic of history upside down -It is not ideas that determine world history, Marx argued, but rather the detail of history that determines ideas |
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Nietzsche |
-Many equally true or false -world views
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