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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Roe vs Wade |
A Supreme Court ruling made in 1973 that legalized abortion, there has been no law passed or enacted that has fully legalized anortion |
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Roe v Wade- First Trimester |
A woman can have an abortion for any reason |
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Roe vs Wade- Second Trimester |
A woman can have an abortion in case of forcible pregnancy or when the reason pertains to the health of the fetus |
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Roe vs Wade- Third Trimester |
A woman can have an abortion when her life is at risk |
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Overturning of Roe vs Wade |
With Roe vs Wade being overturned, it is up to the individual state to place their own restrictions and punishments on abortion |
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Point of viability |
Six months mark of gestation at which the fetus can live outside the mothers womb, the fetus is considered a person |
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Conservative position on abortion |
The fetus is considered a person at conception and has the statues of innocence |
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Moderate position on abortion |
Abortion is allowed, but only under certain restrictions: Roe vs Wade is the general guideline |
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Liberal position on abortion |
The woman’s rights supersedes the rights of the fetus, implying that an abortion can be allowed at any point of the pregnancy |
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Conservative position in the event of rape |
Conservatives claim that the fetus is innocent, no matter the nature of the pregnancy |
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Ensoulment |
Soul in Latin is de anima, the soul gives life to a person and is created when the sperm fertilizes the egg |
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Utilitarian position on abortion |
In some cases, abortion is justified because it would bring the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people |
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Natural Law theorist position on abortion |
Back the premise of ensoulment, oppose abortion |
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14th amendment |
The 14th amendment is the due process clause which, according to liberal advocates, includes a woman’s right over her body |
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Social libertarian position on abortion |
Social libertarianism emphasizes an individuals rights and seeks to minimize government interference; supports pro choice |
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Louisiana fetal heart beat law |
Seeks to restrict a woman’s access to abortion after a fetal heartbeat can be detected |
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Mary Anne Warren |
Liberal view on abortion, “On the moral and legal status of abortion” |
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Judith Thomson |
Moderate view on abortion, “A defense of abortion” |
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Don Marquis |
Conservative view on abortion, “ a Future like ours” |
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origins of the term euthanasia |
dates as far back as the ancient Greeks, meaning good or easy death |
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passive euthanasia |
involves the withholding of treatment of extraordinary means, heart-lung machines for example |
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active euthanasia |
a direct intervention to hasten death, includes forms of physician assisted suicide |
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voluntary euthanasia |
means that the individual gives consent in a rational state of mind, this can be in the form of a living will |
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involuntary euthanasia |
when the family of a comatose individual petition the courts to have life saving measures stopped |
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legality of euthanasia |
passive euthanasia, assuming there is a living will, is valid in the united states, active euthanasia is not. Oregon was the first state to allow active euthanasia in the form of a doctor prescribing a terminally ill patient a lethal cocktail of medication |
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physician assisted suicide |
the physician takes a passive role in the death(like prescribing a certain drug cocktail) as opposed to physician administers suicide where the physician would have a more direct role. Administered is not legal in the US |
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How many states allow Physician assisted suicide |
11 states, the first being oregon in 1994 |
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Dr. Jack Kevorkian |
physician in Michigan who participated in physician assisted suicide before it was legal; charged with manslaughter and served time in prison before being released |
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living will |
gives permission to end life saving measures if a person were being kept alive by extraordinary means, became legitimized as a result of the supreme court ruling in the Nancy Cruzan case |
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cruzan decision |
appealed to the 14th amendment, in regard to an individuals freedom in being able to reject treatment that would prolong life artificially, legitimized living wills |
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Ethics of passive euthanasia |
natural law theory allows euthanasia under the idea that removing life support systems is the same as letting nature take its course |
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ethics of active euthanasia |
natural law theory strongly opposes active euthanasia due to the belief that life is sacred, suicide is viewed as a moral transgression in the eyes of the catholic church |
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libertarian view on euthanasia |
libertarians want to minimize government interference, even in death, "right to die" |
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utilitarian view on euthanasia |
greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, euthanasia could benefit the mental health of the patient and the family and could free up medial resources for others in need |
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James rachels |
wrote the article, "Active vs passive euthanasia," in which he challenges the American medical associations stance of only accepting passive euthanasia, he says that if we accept one we should accept the other because there is no moral distinction between the two |
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sexual ethics after WW2 |
no pre marital sex, no extra marital sex, no homosexuality |
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sexual revolution |
spans the 1960s beginning with the development of the oral contraceptive, concludes in 1969 with the Woodstock festival |
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free love |
women could now take control of their sexuality without the fear of becoming pregnant, so more were going to college, entering the workforce, and postponing marriage and children |
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playboy |
playboy was the first US magazine to address sexuality, helped shape the climate so that the sexual revolution could take place |
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Natural law Theory on sex |
sex is for the purpose of reproduction and only between a married man and woman |
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Social Libertarians on sex |
sex is for recreation, the only constraint on the sex allowed is that it has to be between consenting adults |
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Immanual Kant on sex |
opposes natural law theory, sex is allowed as long as the two parties respect each other and are not using the other as an object of sexual grtification |
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Prostitution |
Kant feels prostitution is a violation of the categorical imperative, meaning one person sees the other as merely a means |
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Sara Ruddick |
author of "Better Sex," offers a hierarchy of sexual preference where even less adequate sexual expression is accepted between two consenting adults |
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John Gray |
author of, "Women are from Mars, men are from Venus," emphasizes importance of emotional bonding and reciprocity in the development of sexual relationships |
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Alan goldman |
social libertarian, believes that all that is really necessary for sex is physical attraction |
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Richard Wasserstrom |
author of, "Is adultery immoral?" argues that aldutery is not immoral but the lying used to cover it up is |
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issues with erotic material |
content, objectification of women, protection under the first amendment |
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The release of the first edition of playboy |
Hugh Hefner gained rights to a seminude photo of Marilyn Monroe and published it in a magazine along with articles, interviews, and stories from public figures so he could claim he was marketing intellectual content |
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Playboy- 1965 |
An edition of Playboy is published including an interview with Jean Paul Sartre, an existentialist and the most famous living philosopher of the time |
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Supreme court ruling on erotic material |
the supreme court came to the decision that erotic material must contain socially redeeming material and conform to local community standards |
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Principle of Reasonable Avoidability |
the public needs to be protected in such a way that a citizen has the expectation of not having to come in contact with any sexual material or obscene language |
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FCC vs Pacifica Foundation |
a father takes the pacifica foundation to court after his son heard profane language over a radio station, the father wins due to the principle of reasonable avoidability- the radio was over public airways |
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Early censorship |
profanity and nudity were prohibited in television, restrictions were greater for commercials and actresses |
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objectification of women in erotic material |
most erotic material is produced by men for men, which has led to the criticism that it objectifies women- women are valued primarily for their sexual and physical attributes |
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Ann Gary's stance |
author of "Pornography and respect for women," addresses the objectification of women, primarily in film. She advocates for a nonsexist view of pornography. Gary states that women are viewed as submissive, both sexually and socially and that men can be appreciated for their sexuality, but women are scorned for theirs |
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Helen Longino |
author of, "Pornography and Oppression," her take- women are exploited by an industry that services male fantasy and that the material that objectifies women also degrades them |
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the rating system |
started to be developed in the 1970s: R, X, XXX; soft core includes nudity with stimulates sex scenes, hard core includes actual sexual interactions |
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How the internet changed the erotic market |
the internet makes porn more accessible for the audience and performer, the internet causes a decline in interest for paper material |
