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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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structuralism
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based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related
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introspection
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the careful, systematic observation of one's own conscious experience
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functionalism
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belief that psychology should investigte the function or purpose of consciousness
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natural selection
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inherited characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be "selected" over time
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behaviorism
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theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior
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behavior
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any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism
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unconcious
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contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior
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psychoanalytic theory
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attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
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humanism
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theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth
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applied psychology
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branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems
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clinical psychology
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concerned with diagnosis and treament of psychological problems and disorders
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cognition
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mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
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evolutionary psychology
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examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations
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psychology
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science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior; profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems
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empiricism
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the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation
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theory
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a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of ovservations
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culture
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the widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across genertions
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SQ3R
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a study system designed to promote effective reading by means of five steps: survey, question, read recited, and review
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testwiseness
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the ability to use the characteristics and format of a cognitive test to maximize one's score
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critical thinking
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use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome
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