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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Institutions - BASIC DEFINITION |
Organizations or activities that are self perpetuating and valued for their own sake. Lay out the rules, norms, and structures for how we live, playing big role in defining what's possible in political life. |
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Politics - BASIC DEFINITION |
Struggle for power in any group, gives one or more person the power to make decisions for larger group. Group may be small organization or the entire world. Occurs whenever there are people and organizations. |
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Inductive Reasoning |
Examining a country closely, starting with evidence to discover hypothesis. |
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Deductive Reasoning |
Starts with a puzzle, from there generating a hypotheses about cause and effect to test against cases. Starts with hypothesis, seeks evidence. |
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Multicasuality |
One of the problems with COMPARATIVE METHOD, many variables tied together to produce particular outcomes. EX: More than one reason as to why we have loose gun laws, multitude of reasons. |
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Selection Bias |
One of the problems with COMPARATIVE METHOD, countries chosen due to language proficiency or interest. Chosen on a basis of cause, not effect. |
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Endogeneity |
One of the challenges with COMPARATIVE METHOD, the problem of distinguishing between cause and effect.Casual relationship may be identified, but which is cause and which is effect? |
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Casual Relationship |
Cause and effect, help us to better understand and explain political outcomes and maybe predict them. |
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Modernization Theory |
As societies develop they become capitalist democracies, coming together over set of shared values. |
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Behavioral Revolution |
Subject of investigation shifted away from political institutions and toward individual political behavior. |
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Qualitative Methods |
Interviews, observations, archival and other dorms of documentary research. Narrowly focused - deep investigation of a few cases. |
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Quantitative Methods |
Wider use of cases, no area specialization, more statistical analysis and mathematical models drawn from economies. |
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Rational Choice / Game Theory |
Used to study rules and games by which politics is played and how humans act on their preferences |
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Institutions relation to comparative politics |
Guiding concept for political scientists. So embedded in people's lives as the norm or value, difficult to change. Central to peoples lives. No uniform set of institutions holds power over everyone, understanding the difference is crucial. Bond between people and institutions is the glue to society. SET THE STAGE FOR POLITICAL BEHAVIOR by generating norms and values. |
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Formal Institutions |
Based on set of rules that are followed and clear. |
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Informal Institutions |
Unwritten and unofficial rules, but just as powerful. |
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Freedom |
Persons ability to act independently without fear of restriction or punishment by state or other groups in society. *RELATION WITH EQUALITY IS VIEWED IN TERMS OF JUSTICE. |
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Equality |
Material standard of living shared by people within a community, society, or country. *RELATION WITH FREEDOM IS VIEWED IN TERMS OF JUSTICE. |
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State |
Organization that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory. Must have legitimacy. |
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Sovereignty |
Ability to carry out actions and policies within a territory independent of external actors and internal rivals. |
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Regime |
Fundamental rules and norms of politics. Long term goals that guide the state. DEMOCRATIC: public has role in governance NONDEMOCRATIC: limits public participation. Embodied in constitution. Regimes are institutionalized but can be changed by revolution. |
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Government |
Leadership that runs the state - WEAKLY INSTITUTIONALIZED |
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Government, Regime, and State - How do they fit together? |
State is machinery of politics, regime is the programming and government operates the machinery. |
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Country |
Shorthand for state, regime, government, and people in the system. |
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Two paths of political organization: |
1) CONSENSUS: People come together to protect themselves/create common rule, they choose the leader. Security through cooperation. Democratic rule. 2) COERCION: Ruler brings people together, ruler claims authority. Security through domination. Authoritarian rule. |
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How to do comparative politics? |
- Focus on institutions; formal or informal. STICKY; they do not change much and provide stability and predictability..BUT if world changes around it, it can become a problem. EX: Electoral college voting on Tuesday because of Sabbath. Today, that is inconvenient. - Focus on ideals: Equality and freedom. Security, prosperity, etc. - Identify two causes with a lot in common, this will help highlight differences. |
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POWER vs. AUTHORITY |
Power makes people think they should submit to that person. Authority is the right to power/legitimacy. |
