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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chapter 1: What Is Personality |
Consists of behaviors Extroversion and Introversion How you choose to present yourself in the world around you. |
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Chapter 1: Why the Interest in Personality |
1. explanation of own and others behavior: why did they do that.
2. survival strategy: predict someone's behavior 3. prediction and control of behavior: what behavior is appropriate. |
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Chapter 1: Persona
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fromthe Greek, meaning mask
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Chapter 1: Theory
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systematic,organized set of ideas about why people behave the way they doAtheory has two components:
1. theoretical constructs: basic terms and building blocks (Id, Ego, Super-Ego) 2. relational propositions: show the relationship between constructs ( Between Id and Super-Ego/guilt) |
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Chapter 1: Idiographic
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Every person is unique, can't really generalize personality because every one is different. |
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Chapter 1: Nomothetic
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General Laws of behavior. |
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Chapter 1: Concurrentvalidity
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Test scores are correlated with the criterion measure at approximately the same time. Ex) Psychiatric Patient |
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Chapter 1: Contentvalidity
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Systematic examination of test content to determine whether it covers a behavior measured. Ex) History questions on a History test |
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Chapter 1: Constructvalidity
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Must confirm to the theory from which the construct arises. |
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Chapter 1: Facevalidity
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Superficial impression generated by the test as to what it is measuring (not very useful) |
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Chapter 1: Split-Half
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Internal consistency of a test, such as psychometric tests and questionnaires. There, it measures the extent to which all parts of the test contribute equally to what is being measured.
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Chapter 2: Charles Darwin
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Survival of the Fittest Two Forces: 1. Sex 2. Agression |
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Chapter 2: Schopenhauer and Nietzsche
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Unconscious, irrational and primitiveforces play a central role in human motivation
Sex and aggression are human instincts |
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Chapter 2: Deterministic
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All behavior is determined or caused bysome force within the person.
All behavior has meaning, nothing occursby chance Examples: losing things, slips of the tongue, forgetting |
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Chapter 2: Dynamic
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Exchange and transformation of energywithin the personality Initially 2 drives Motivation: source is psychic energy or libido and self-preservation
Aggressive drive added in 1929 People have a fixed amount of psychicenergy Cathexis: putting energy into something. |
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Chapter 2: Organizational
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3 levels of awareness (topographic model) Conscious, unconscious, pre-conscious
3 major systems (structural model) Id, ego, superego |
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Chapter 2: Superego
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Two subsystems:
Ego ideal: What a child has been rewarded for,idealistic Conscience: What a child has been punished for |
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Chapter 2: Id, Ego, Super-Ego |
Id: the infant, largely unconscious. Ego: The adult, manages the Id. Super-Ego: The parent, What is appropriate. |
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Chapter 2: PsychosexualStages |
Oral: 0-18 months, pleasure centers on the mouth
Anal: 18-36 months Focus on bowel/bladder/ control Phallic: 3-6 years Pleasure zone is genitals, incestuoussexual feelings Latency: 6 to puberty Repressed sexual feelings Genital: puberty on, maturity |
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Chapter 2: Oral Characteristics
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Oral Frustration: oral aggression, sarcasm
Oral gratification: obesity, smoking, nail biting |
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Chapter 2: Anal Characteristics
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Frustration: anal retentive, stinginess, obstinate,excessive neatness, orderliness Over-gratification: anal expulsive, cruel, disorderly |
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Chapter 2: Phallic Characteristics
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Frustration: all neurosis, psychosis
Over-gratification: sexual deviations |
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Chapter 2: Anxietyand Defense Mechanisms
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Repressed libido transformed into anxiety
Neurotic anxiety: id-ego conflict Moral anxiety: id-superego conflict Objective anxiety: realistic external threat |
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Chapter 2: Regression
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Denial, displacement, take it out on someone else. |
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Chapter 2: Rationalize
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Identification, fantasy |
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Chapter 2: Compensate |
Sublimation: put energy into something |
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Chapter 2: Projection
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What you are thinking onto others |
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Chapter 2: Reaction Formation
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Over the top reaction in the opposite direction. opposite expression on a scene, trying to hide |
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Chapter 2: Freud Psychanalysis |
He was pessimistic (everybody has a problem) developed free association and the interpretation of dreams. |
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Chapter 3: Carl Jung |
Analytic Psychology |
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Chapter 3: Jungdiffers from Freud
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1. thought Freud put too much emphasis on sex
2. personality continues to evolve after 5 years of age 3. more emphasis on the conscious “ego” rather than the id 4. importance of social relationships |
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Chapter 3: Jung differs from Freud |
5. established analytical psychology
6. only one source of energy: lifeforce 7. acknowledged the importance of the unconscious but proposed twocomponents Personal unconscious: repressed feelings easily retrieved. Collectiveunconscious: handed down by generation to generation (archetypes). |
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Chapter 3: Archetypes:
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Predispositions to think and act inparticular ways
Examples of Archetypes: shadow, animus (masculine female), anima (feminine male), mandala, The Hero, The Good mother, TheBad mother, The Wise Old Man, The Persona |
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Chapter 3: Jung’sUnique Contributions
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1. Introverts and extroverts
- Recognized need for balance betweentwo - Two basic attitudes - Both attitudes present but usuallyone is preferred - Extroverts outnumber introverts 3:1 |
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Chapter 3: Introverts
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Focus on inner world
Depth Private Reserved Think before acting reflective |
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Chapter 3: Extraverts
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Focus on outer world
Breadth Social Outgoing Act before thinking active |
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Chapter 3: Jung’sUnique Contributions
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2. Four functions
A. Information gathering: How wetake in information sensing vs. intuition Sensing types: are realists,systematic Intuitive types: rely on a sixthsense, enjoy variety, inventing things eg. Einstein |
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Chapter 3: Sensors
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Perspire
Focus on present like routine Conserve Stress facts Look for details Practical Follow directions |
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Chapter 3: Intuitives
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Inspire
Focus on future Choose variety Anticipate Change Stress innovations Are imaginative Pursue hunches |
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Chapter 3: DecisionMaking: thinking
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Objective
Impersonal Rational Head Truthful Logic Firm Just criticial |
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Chapter 3: Decision Making: feeling
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Subjective
Personal Emotional Heart Tactful Values Compassionate Humane appreciative |
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Chapter 3: Itemsadded by Myers-Briggs:Judging
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Structured
Scheduled Ordered Planned Decisive Definite Fixed |
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Chapter 3: Items added by Myers-Briggs:Perceiving
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Flexible
Spontaneous Adaptive Wait and see attitude tendency to keep collecting newinfo Tentative flexible |
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Chapter 3: TheComplex
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Personalunconscious contains clusters of emotionally important thoughts calledcomplexes
Personallydisturbing collections of ideas connected by a common theme and has adisproportionate influence on our lives Example: power complex |
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Chapter 3: Assessing Complexes Indicators
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1. displaying longer-than-average reaction time to a stimulus word
2. repeating the stimulus word back as a response 3. failing to respond at all 4. Using expressive bodily reactions, such as laughing, increased breathing 5. stammering |
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Chapter 3: Assessing Complexes Indicators
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6. continuing to respond to a previously used stimulus word
7. reacting meaninglessly 8. reacting superficially with a word that sounds like the stimulus word 9. responding with more than one word 10. misunderstanding the stimulus as some other word] |
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Chapter 3: Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry |
KarenHorney
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