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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metapsychology
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a theory of theories
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Paradigms
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big views that organize how facts get assembled (term is from T. S. Kuhn); paradigms create boundaries for theories
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Aristotelian for "cause"
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aitia; meaning that which is responsible for something
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The Four Causes
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material -> substance that makes it up
efficient -> sequence of events that leads up to something/event formal -> pattern/structure of events that is observable over time; ex: traits, diagnosis final -> the purpose that it fulfills; reason it exists |
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Reductionism
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aka mechanism; to understand in terms of mechanics or the material and efficient causes
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Teleology
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explains in terms of purposes, motives, aims (final cause)
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Scolasticism
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knowledge is deductive and scripturally based
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Diety teleology
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are as they are because that's what God intended/was God's plan
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Roger Bacon
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proposed doing experiments to achieve knowledge; inductive reasoning
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Francis Bacon
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knowledge from observation (inductive); controlled experimentation; knowledge=power, and control over nature
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Reductionism Empiricism and
Descartes |
stimulus-response model
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Reductionism Empiricism and
Hobbes |
materialist; humans like machines
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Reductionism Empiricism and
La Mettrie |
man and machine
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Reductionism Empiricism and
Helmholtz |
all human events are reducible to mechanical and chemical causes (anti-vitalism)
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Reductionism Empiricism and
Pavlov |
reductionistic view of behavior
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Reductionism Empiricism and
Watson |
behaviorism
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Reductionism Empiricism and
Skinner |
behavior from genetics and environment; "no place for intentions or purpose"; like cognitive neuroscience
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Non-Reductionistic views
Descartes |
human volition (ability to make choices, decisions); act upon knowledge;; the "soul" would change behavior
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Immanuel Kant
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constructivism; against empiricist view of knowledge (i.e. we are not blank slates); we organize constructs automatically (according to time, space); knowledge about understanding
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Constructivist Theory
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abstract constructs as "organizers"; examples: Mendel's "gene" -breeding plants led to gene concept, also quarks
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Unconscious Complex
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a concept to explain facts
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Nomological Networks
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we depend upon it to make predictions, explain events, and interpret data
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Construct Validity
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how valid are these constructs
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Organismic View
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says that some properties cannot be reduced to parts; emergent phenomena exert influence; self-organization; properties unique to animate life
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