Peritoneum And Peritoneal Cavity

Front 1

the peritoneum consists of 2 continuous layers, what are they?

Back 1

1. parietal peritoneum
2. visceral peritoneum

Front 2

the parietal peritoneum lines what?

Back 2

lines internal surface of abdominopelvic wall

Front 3

the visceral peritoneum covers what?

Back 3

covers abdominal organs

Front 4

parietal peritoneum is served by the same blood, lymphatic, and nerve supply as what?

Back 4

as the region of the abdominal wall that it lines

Front 5

like the overlying skin, the parietal peritoneum is sensitive to what?

Back 5

-sensitive to pressure, pain, temperature, and laceration

Front 6

pain from the parietal peritoneum is generally what?

Back 6

well localized: can localize pain to one particular spot

Front 7

the visceral peritoneum and the organs it covers are served by the same what?

Back 7

same blood, lymphatic, and nerve supply

Front 8

the visceral peritoneum is insensitive to what?

Back 8

pressure, pain, temperature, and laceration

Front 9

the visceral peritoneum is stimulated primarily by what?

Back 9

chemical irritation (ulcer) and laceration
-usually causes pain in GI tract

Front 10

the pain produced in the visceral peritoneum is what?

Back 10

-pain is poorly localized: referred pain or radiated pain (i.e. when have tummy ache, it hurts everywhere)

Front 11

the peritoneal cavity is within the abdominal cavity and continues inferiorly into what?

Back 11

pelvic cavity (the pelvic diaphragm is not a structure but an imaginary line that separates abdom and pelvic cavities)

Front 12

what is the peritoneal cavity?

Back 12

a potential space that contains a thin film of peritoneal fluid of peritoneal fluid btwn parietal and visceral peritoneum
-pulls in hepatorenal recesses or gutters on kidneys

Front 13

what is the fxn of the peritoneal cavity?

Back 13

-lubrication (for peristalsis regardless if eating or not-i.e. stomach growling)
-immunological fxns (contains leukocytes and Ab's that resist infection)

Front 14

peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity is reabsorbed by what?

Back 14

-lymphatics inf. to diaphragm
(reabsorbed constantly b/c constantly being produced)

Front 15

is the peritoneal cavity closed in M and F? how is this clinically relevant?

Back 15

-closed in males
-open in females: there is a communication pathway to the exterior of the body via fallopian tubes, uterine cavity, and vagina
-therefore, it is a potential pathway for infection from urogenital organs in females only

Front 16

intraperitoneal organs are
'completely’ covered with visceral peritoneum except where? why?

Back 16

stomach and spleen not completely covered with visceral peritoneum
-have to have a way of getting bld, nn, and lymphatics into stomach and spleen
-like putting fist into an inflated balloon

Front 17

where do extraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, and subperitoneal organs lie in relation to parietal peritoneum?

Back 17

external, posterior, or inferior to the parietal peritoneum

Front 18

what are the extraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, and subperitoneal organs?

Back 18

kidney, pancreas, ascending and descending colon

Front 19

the length of the gut is MUCH longer than what? therefore the GI tract and parietal and visceral peritoneum are what?

Back 19

-MUCH longer than the height of the abdominal cavity
-therefore the GI tract(30feet) and parietal and visceral peritoneum are highly convoluted

Front 20

-organs covered by peritoneum must be in contact with what? how?

Back 20

-vascular and nerve supply outside of the peritoneum
-via mesenteries which are supplied by SMA and IMA

Front 21

what is a mesentery?

Back 21

a double layer of peritoneum that occurs as the result of invagination of peritoneum by an organ and constitutes a continuity of the visceral and parietal peritoneum

Front 22

a mesentery provides a means of what?

Back 22

-provides a means of neurovascular communication btwn the organ and the body wall (superficially the AbAo and neurvasc plexi=plexi follow BV's going to organs)

Front 23

1)the mesentery around the small intestine is referred to as what?
2)mesenteries related to other parts of the GI tract are named accordingly, for example...

Back 23

1)the mesentery
2)transverse and sigmoid mesocolons, mesoesophagus
mesogastrium, mesoappendix

Front 24

mesenteries have a core of CT containing what?

Back 24

neurovascular structures and lymphatic vessels

Front 25

what is an omentum? passes from?

Back 25

double layered extension of the visceral peritoneum that passes from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to adj. organs in abdominal cavity

Front 26

-the greater omentum is a prominent peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from where?
-after descending, it folds back and attaches to what?

Back 26

-from greater curvature of stomach and prox. duodenum
-attaches to ant. surface of transverse colon and its mesentery

Front 27

the lesser omentum connects what?

Back 27

connects lesser curvature of stomach and prox. duodenum
to liver

Front 28

a peritoneal ligament consists of a double layer of peritoneum that connects what?

Back 28

connects abdominal organ with another abdominal organ
OR
connects abdominal organ to the abdominal wall
***keeps everything in place

Front 29

the liver is connected to the ant abdominal wall by what?

Back 29

the falciform ligament (used as a landmark to separate lobes of the liver)

Front 30

the liver is connected to the stomach by what? which is part of what?

Back 30

-the hepatogastic ligament
-part of the lesser omentum

Front 31

the liver is connected to duodenum by what? which is part of what? conains what?

Back 31

-hepatoduodenal ligament
-also part of lesser omentum
-contains the hepatic triad (portal vn., hepatic art. and bile duct)

Front 32

the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligs are continuous parts of what?

Back 32

the lesser omentum (separated only for descriptive convenience)

Front 33

the stomach is connected to the inferior surface of the diaphragm by what?

Back 33

gastrophrenic ligament

Front 34

the stomach is connected to the spleen by what?

Back 34

gastrosplenic ligament

Front 35

the stomach is connected to the transverse colon by what?

Back 35

gastrocolic ligament

Front 36

gastrophrenic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, and
gastrocolic ligament are all part of what?

Back 36

part of the greater omentum
(separated only for descriptive purposes)

Front 37

although the intraperitoneal organs may be almost entirely covered with visceral peritoneum, every organ must have an area that is not covered. why? what are these areas called?

Back 37

-to allow entrance and exit of neurovascular structures
-these areas are called bare areas

Front 38

what is a peritoneal fold?

Back 38

a reflection of peritoneum that is raised from the body wall by underlying BVs, ducts, and obliterated fetal vessels that it covers

Front 39

what are the 5 peritoneal folds?

Back 39

median (1), medial (2), and lateral (2) umbilical folds

Front 40

what is a peritoneal recess, or fossa?

Back 40

pouch of peritoneum formed by peritoneal fold (openings)

Front 41

after the rotation and development of the greater curvature of the stomach during development, the peritoneal cavity is divided into 2 peritoneal sacs...what are they?

Back 41

1. greater sac
2. lesser sac

Front 42

the greater peritoneal sac, or the main and larger part of the peritoneal cavity, contains 2 portions...what are they? what are they divided by?

Back 42

1. supracolic portion (above the transverse colon)
2. infracolic portion (below the transverse colon)
-divided by the transverse mesocolon

Front 43

what does the supracolic portion of the greater peritoneal sac contain?

Back 43

contains stomach, liver, spleen

Front 44

what does the infracolic portion of the greater peritoneal sac contain?

Back 44

contains small intestine, ascending and descending colon

Front 45

the infracolic portion of the greater peritoneal sac lies post to the greater omentum or ant to the intestine at the parietal pleura (not at mesentery) and is divided into what? divided by what?

Back 45

divided into right and left infracolic spaces
-divided by the mesentery of the small intestine (mesentery forms a sheet that separates the 2 spaces)

Front 46

free communication occurs btwn the supracolic and infracolic compartments of the greater sac via what? which are what?

Back 46

paracolic gutters: grooves btwn lateral aspect of asc. or desc. colon and posterolateral abdominal wall
(when pt in supine position, fluid goes into gutters)

Front 47

the lesser omental bursa of the lesser peritoneal sac 2 recesses...what are they?

Back 47

1. superior recess (limited superiorly by the dia and the post layers of the coronary lig of the liver)
2. inferior recess (btwn the sup parts of the layers of the greater omentum)

Front 48

the omental bursa communicates with the greater peritoneal sac via what?

Back 48

the omental foramen (epiploic foramen)

Front 49

where is the omental foramen(epiploic foramen)located?

Back 49

-an opening situated posterior to the hepatoduodenal ligament (posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum)

Front 50

the boundaries of the omental foramen are:
1. anterior?
2. posterior?
3. superior?
4. inferior?

Back 50

1. ant: hepatoduodenal ligament, the free edge of the lesser omentum (contains the hepatic triad)
2. post: IVC and right crus of diaphragm (they are retroperitoneal-covered ant with parietal peritoneum)
3. sup: liver (covered with visceral peritoneum)
4. inf: superior aspect or first part of the duodenum